1.The normal adult body temperature is 36-37 ℃;
2.Normal adult pulse rate is 60-100 times/minute, even and strong;
3.Normal adult respiration is 16-20 times/minute, with equal time for one exhalation and one inhalation;
4.Normal adult blood pressure is between 140/90mmHg(18.6/12kpa)-90/60mmHg(12/8kpa).
5, effective CPR within 4-6 minutes, the success rate of resuscitation is 50%.
6.How to call the emergency number (120)?
A. Patient’s name, gender and age.
B. The most critical condition of the patient. Such as fainting on the ground, severe pain in the precordial area, respiratory distress, hemorrhage, etc., the time and process of onset, medication, past medical history and factors related to the current onset.
C. The detailed address, telephone number of the patient’s home or the scene of the attack and the exact address of the waiting ambulance, preferably with obvious and conspicuous signs.
7, acute abdominal pain avoid taking painkillers: so as not to cover up the condition, delay the diagnosis, should go to the hospital as soon as possible to investigate the diagnosis.
8, abdominal injury viscera out of the immediate reset: out of the viscera shall be thoroughly disinfected by a doctor and then reset. Prevent infection causing serious consequences.
9, the use of tourniquet ligature avoid too long: tourniquet should be relaxed every hour for a quarter of an hour, and make a record to prevent ischemic necrosis of the distal limb caused by ligature limb too long.
10, comatose patients should not lie on their back: they should be made to lie on their side to prevent asphyxia caused by oral secretions and vomit inhalation into the respiratory tract. Do not give food or water to comatose patients.
11, cardiogenic asthma patients should not lie down: because lying down will increase pulmonary stasis and heart burden, making asthma aggravated and life-threatening. Should take a semi-recumbent position so that the lower limbs droop.
12, cerebral hemorrhage patients do not move at will: If you suddenly fall unconscious in the activity or suffer from cerebral hemorrhage of the paralyzed, likely to have cerebral hemorrhage, moving at will will make the bleeding more serious, should lie down, elevate the head, immediately sent to the hospital.
13, small and deep wounds avoid sloppy dressing: if the sharp objects stabbed after sloppy dressing, will make the wound hypoxic, resulting in tetanus bacillus and other anaerobic bacteria growth, should be cleaned and disinfected before dressing, and inject tetanus antitoxin.
14, diarrhea patients avoid taking antidiarrheal drugs: before anti-inflammatory indiscriminate use of antidiarrheal drugs, will make it difficult to discharge toxins, intestinal inflammation increased. Should be used in the use of anti-inflammatory drugs dysentery, Huang Lianxin, haloperidol before using antidiarrheal drugs, such as easy to stop.
15, electrocution avoid pulling rescue with bare hands: hair found someone electrocuted immediately after cutting off the power, and immediately use dry wooden sticks, bamboo and other insulators to drain the wire.
16.Emergency rescue of heat stroke
Move the patient quickly to a cool or air-conditioned place, with cool water or ice towels on the patient’s head, neck, armpits, thighs, the conditions can also use ice bags, ice pillows or ice for the patient cold compresses; with cold water or 30% alcohol bath until the skin is red, to promote heat dissipation; cold water body rub plus electric fan blowing;
Drink light saline containing 0.3% or other cool drinks to prevent excessive loss of muscle water and salt. But be careful not to drink too much water in a short period of time, generally not more than 1,000 ml of water in an hour; at the same time, use cool oil, anthropomorphic essence to apply to the human midpoint, the back of the brain fossa, and let the patient take internal ten drops of water, Ren Dan, Huoxiang Zhengqi water (pills, scattered) and other heatstroke prevention and cooling drugs, these are a good way to emergency treatment of heatstroke.
17, frostbite first aid measures to protect frostbite parts.
After the occurrence of frostbite, you should quickly protect the frostbitten parts with quilts, and quickly escort the patient to the room temperature of 20 ℃ -30 ℃ room. Alternate cold and warm water to rewarm the frozen part with 10℃ cold water and 38℃ warm water alternately for 20-30 minutes until the frozen part regains sensation and the skin turns red-purple and soft. If shoes, socks, gloves and hands and feet frozen together, should be immersed in warm water together, and then use scissors to separate after the frozen parts regain feeling.
Apply frostbite ointment: when frostbite is not yet blistered, camphor spirit, tincture of frostbite, tincture of chili pepper can be applied to the affected area; for heavy injuries with ulcers, first apply saline to repeatedly clean the wound, apply neomycin cream, and then wrap with sterile gauze.
18, nosebleed treatment
(1) pinch the nasal cavity, quietly stretch the chin to breathe with the mouth, and then stop after a few minutes.
(2) Apply a cold compress with cold water to the forehead area above the nose.
(3) Do not block the nasal cavity with skimmed cotton or straw paper, etc., because blocking with these fibrous things will cause rebleeding due to the fibrous matter left in the nose, so it is better to stuff it with rolled and tied gauze.
(4) After stopping the bleeding, do not vigorously pinch and rub the nasal cavity again within a short period of time to avoid bleeding again. If both nasal cavities are bleeding, lift both hands up, if the left nasal cavity is bleeding, lift the right hand up; if the right nasal cavity is bleeding, lift the left hand up. This method can quickly stop the bleeding.
19.Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning (harmful gas poisoning)
(1) Open doors and windows or get out of the scene to breathe fresh air; unbutton the clothes to open the airway, take in oxygen and keep warm if possible;
(2) If the comatose patient’s head is tilted to one side and convulsions occur, stab the Hegu point in the middle of the body;
(3) respiratory and cardiac arrest, immediately perform hands-on cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), call 120.
(4) Take the patient to a hyperbaric chamber to promote dissociation of carboxyhemoglobin and carbon monoxide excretion. Oxygenation and warmth are available.