The methods of kidney stone lithotripsy include extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, ureteroscopic lithotripsy for stone extraction, percutaneous nephrolithotripsy for stone extraction, etc. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy treatment: extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy can be performed for kidney stones up to 2cm in diameter. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy locates the stone by X-ray or ultrasound, and then uses high-energy shock wave to focus on the stone, causing it to fracture until it is crushed into fine sand and excreted with urine. Ureteroscopic lithotripsy and lithotripsy: both soft and hard scopes are used, and soft scopes are often used for renal pelvis or kidney stones. For stones <2 cm, which are difficult to be fragmented by X-ray or extracorporeal shock wave, ureteroscopic lithotripsy can be chosen. The stones are removed from the body after they are broken up by retrograde access to the pelvis and calyces via the ureter. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy for stone extraction: For stones over 2 cm, percutaneous nephrolithotomy is recommended for stone extraction. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy is performed under X-ray or ultrasound localization, through the skin and subcutaneous tissues to the renal cortex to establish a puncture channel with a fine needle. After the channel is established, the stone is removed or lithotripsy is performed under the nephroscope. The stones in the renal pelvis are broken and removed by ultrasound, laser or pneumatic ballistics. With the development of clinical surgical techniques and instruments, in recent years, minimally invasive techniques are mainly used for lithotripsy and stone extraction.