Etiology and pathology: The etiology of this disease is not completely understood so far. The main pathological changes are a decrease in the number of ganglion cells of the inter-esophageal plexus or even their disappearance, which can involve the entire thoracic segment of the esophagus, but is most pronounced in the lower and middle esophagus. The findings suggest that the disease is due to a specific neurological virus attacking the brain and the nerve endings of the esophageal wall. It is believed that the primary focus of the disease may be located on a supply nerve outside the esophagus or on the vagus nerve or its central nucleus. Experimental results indicate that the patient’s lower esophageal sphincter is hypersensitive to gastrin, suggesting that the disorder is due to denervated changes. Others have found a decrease in cholinesterase in the esophagus, but not in the lower sphincter area. Its age of onset is mostly seen in young adults and is almost equal in both sexes. Symptoms and diagnosis: The main symptom is dysphagia, which is intermittent in the early stage and easily attacks after binge drinking, overeating or eating too cold or too hot food. As the disease grows, it can become persistent from intermittent to persistent. A distinctive feature is the difficulty in swallowing, and the time of eating each meal is significantly prolonged. 70% of patients have vomiting and reflux after eating; 60% of patients have retrosternal or subxiphoid cramps unrelated to diet, some occur at night and some occur when swallowing, so this disease is an important cause of esophageal chest pain. Most young adults have dysphagia and the disease lasts for several years, but their general condition is not affected, which is very different from that of patients with esophageal cancer. In young children or a few patients, severe obstruction and vomiting can cause nutritional disorders, affect development and weight loss. The diagnosis of this disease is mainly based on X-ray esophagogram: it can be seen that the junction of esophagus and stomach shows bird’s beak, turnip root or funnel-shaped signs, and the upper esophagus is obviously dilated. It can be divided into three types: 1. light: mild dilatation of the esophagus and a little food retention; presence of gastric alveoli; 2. medium: general dilatation of the esophagus with obvious food residue retention, liquid plane in the standing position, and disappearance of gastric alveoli; 3. heavy: dilatation of the esophagus with flexion, widening, lengthening and S-shaped. Esophageal motor function examination, manometry revealed that the resting pressure of the lower esophageal sphincter of the patient was 2-3 times higher than normal, which caused obstruction of the esophageal and gastric junction due to incomplete relaxation; lack of normal peristalsis or loss of peristalsis in the lower esophagus, food could not pass smoothly through the obstruction and delayed emptying. It is believed that there is a potential risk of esophageal cancer if the disease is not treated in time. Treatment: At present, our hospital adopts esophageal stent with membrane to treat cardia incompetence with good results!