What are the causes of the disease? Cardia achalasia is a dysfunctional disease of the esophageal muscles caused by a lack of nerves in the esophagus, and its main symptom is difficulty swallowing. What are the common symptoms? 1. difficulty swallowing solid or liquid food; 2. chest pain or heartburn; 3. food reflux (may be worse at night); 4. choking and coughing when ingesting food or drinking water. The above symptoms are similar to those of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), which is a common condition, so many patients with cardia are initially treated for GERD. What are the factors that aggravate the symptoms? 1. certain foods such as meat, bread, rice and certain vegetables. Therefore, patients are advised to choose their diet with the help of their doctor and a nutrition specialist; 2. Drinking water or carbonated beverages with meals (some patients find that it relieves symptoms, but others find that it can worsen symptoms such as chest pain); 3. Eating and drinking before bedtime. Therefore, patients are advised not to eat within 4 hours before bedtime and to sleep with a pillow. 4, drug residue in the esophagus when taking medication. Some oral medications can aggravate the symptoms, but the severity of the symptoms caused by different medications is not consistent, so it is recommended to take the medication under the guidance of a doctor. What are the treatment tools included? There are a number of tests that can help with the diagnosis: the use of x-ray imaging or endoscopy can help the doctor see what is going on in the patient’s esophagus; some other tests can detect the state of the esophageal muscles. There is no cure for cardia achalasia, but there are treatments available to ease the symptoms, including medication and surgery: 1. 2. Some medications can help restore esophageal muscle function, but these medications may not be useful for symptom relief. In addition, these drugs cannot stop the worsening of symptoms. Therefore, such drugs can only be used temporarily. 3. Endoscopic drug injections, which can relieve symptoms by reducing pressure in the esophagus, are usually only effective for 6 months. Therefore, patients need to be treated every year. 4. Surgical treatment. What are the recommendations for patients? 1. Diet control: Patients should avoid foods and beverages that can aggravate symptoms. 2. Follow up: Cardia failure is not curable and patients need to be followed up to prevent exacerbation of the disease. 3. Pay attention to complications: When visiting the doctor, patients should inform the doctor if their symptoms worsen and if they lose weight.