Kidney stones can cause hydronephrosis, which is often caused by obstruction of the urinary tract caused by kidney stones, resulting in obstruction of the urine produced by the kidneys and the accumulation of urine within the kidneys to form hydronephrosis. If the obstruction is not removed, the amount of fluid will gradually increase, which will cause some damage to the kidney parenchyma and eventually even kidney failure. In case of acute obstruction leading to hydronephrosis, it can cause acute symptoms of back pain. It may also be accompanied by hematuria or fever. Patients with kidney stones are advised to go to the hospital immediately and use various methods such as surgery or extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy to remove the stones in time so that the urine in the kidney can be discharged smoothly from the body and no hydronephrosis will occur, and no damage to kidney function will occur. For the already existing hydronephrosis, a comprehensive assessment is needed, and in the case of large hydronephrosis with impaired kidney function, early surgical treatment is recommended.