Kidney exchange matching, i.e., kidney transplant tissue matching, the common methods used in clinical practice are ABO blood group, human leukocyte antigen (HLA), population reactive antibody (PRA) and complement-dependent lymphocytotoxicity test (CDC).
1. ABO blood group: blood group can be divided into A, B, AB and O according to the red blood cell surface antigen determinant cluster, in addition, it can also be divided into Rh (+) and Rh (-).
2. HLA: All patients awaiting renal transplantation must be screened for anti-HLA antibodies. HLA typing is very important. HLA incompatibility can lead to proliferation and activation of recipient CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells accompanied by the production of donor-specific antibodies by B cells, resulting in cellular and/or humoral immune-mediated graft rejection.
Testing for HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C, and DR antigens in all potential donors and recipients is mandatory, and testing for HLA-DQ antigens is recommended.
3. PRA: PRA is used for kidney transplantation matching and screening. Because PRA has the important role of predicting rejection before transplantation and warning of graft loss after transplantation, PRA>80% positive recipients are generally considered to be a contraindication to transplantation.
4.CDC: In order to avoid the occurrence of hyperacute rejection, appropriate cross-matching test must be carried out before each kidney transplantation, CDC is used to determine whether there are pre-existing antibodies against the donor in the recipient’s body, and its value <10% or negative before kidney transplantation can be performed.
Kidney transplant tissue matching test is a mandatory pre-operative testing procedure. If you need a kidney transplant, it is recommended that you visit a hospital and take the doctor’s advice.