Diabetic foot is one of the major chronic complications of diabetes mellitus, which is a general term for the lesions based on vascular neuropathy complicated by diabetes mellitus, causing foot numbness, pain, skin ulceration and even gangrene of the extremity. Its main manifestations are intermittent claudication, painful nocturnal spasm, neuroedema, chronic skin ulceration, lower limb muscle atrophy, decreased skin temperature and weak dorsal foot pulse, etc. It is the main cause of disability and death in diabetic patients, which seriously affects the quality of life of patients and imposes a huge economic burden on society and families. Taking active measures at an early stage can effectively prevent diabetic foot ulcers and ulcer-induced amputations. 1, the causes of diabetic foot The occurrence of diabetic foot is mainly due to the combined effect of peripheral neuropathy and vascular disease in the lower limbs of patients. Peripheral neuropathy of the lower limbs can cause sensory dysfunction of the patient’s foot, plant nerve dysfunction, manifested as pain, numbness, ankylosis, reduced skin sweating, dryness, and even cracking, which can easily lead to trauma and infection. When vascular diseases occur, such as microangiopathy, large-vessel occlusive disease and atherosclerotic peripheral vascular disease, producing impaired blood circulation to the extremities. This causes a lack of oxygen and nutrients in the skin and subcutaneous tissue cells and metabolic disorders, leading to fibrosis, pigmentation, subcutaneous fat necrosis and skin atrophy, and finally necrosis of epidermal cells and the formation of ulcers. In recent years, it has been found that changes in the pressure on the foot and the resulting callus are also one of the main reasons for the occurrence of diabetic foot ulcers. Ulcers are formed when the callus breaks down, bleeds or liquefies and necroses. In addition, diabetes reduces the chemotaxis and phagocytosis of leukocytes, and with the presence of anatomical regionalized spacing structures in the foot, when infection occurs in the diabetic foot, it is easy to spread. 2, the prevention and care of diabetic foot (1) diabetes health education: the effectiveness of diabetes treatment depends on the patient’s own management and control, basic knowledge of diabetes is the basis for patients to carry out effective management and control of their own. Health education for diabetic patients can educate diabetic patients and their family members about general knowledge of diabetes, acute and chronic complications, diet control, exercise, medication or insulin therapy, blood glucose monitoring, foot care, etc., enhance patients’ awareness of diabetic foot and their awareness of foot protection, and improve their self-efficacy and self-care behavior. Consciously control diet, exercise therapy and medication, and consciously monitor their condition and foot care. This is the basis for long-term control of diabetic condition and the key to prevent diabetic foot. (2) Control blood glucose, lipids and body weight: long-term hyperglycemia is an important cause of diabetic vascular and neurological complications. Increased triglycerides can interfere with insulin and metabolic signaling in muscle, liver, pancreatic β-cells and endothelial cells, causing insulin resistance or promoting apoptosis. 80% of type 2 diabetic patients are overweight, and overweight people are often accompanied by insulin resistance, i.e. glucose metabolism disorders. Therefore, active and comprehensive measures should be taken, such as developing a reasonable meal plan, regular physical exercise; scientific weight loss exercise for overweight people under the guidance of a doctor, quitting smoking, limiting alcohol and low salt intake, and using medications to control blood glucose, blood lipids and body weight. Active control of diabetes is a prerequisite for avoiding, stopping or delaying vascular neuropathy, and the ideal control is blood glucose <7.22 mmol/L 2 hours after meals. (3) Care of the foot: improperly worn footwear is closely related to the occurrence of diabetic foot, and is one of the main causes of diabetic foot ulcers. Wearing proper shoes can reduce abnormal pressure on the foot, reduce the occurrence of calluses and ulcers, and prevent foot injuries. Wearing proper shoes is necessary to prevent foot lesions. Patients should choose shoes with round toes, thick soles, lace-ups, soft fabrics and good breathability. The shoes should not be too tight or too loose, the length of the shoes should be 1 cm larger than the patient's foot, the width of the shoes depends on the size of the width of the metatarsophalangeal joint, and the height should make a certain space for the toes. Avoid wearing pointed shoes, high-heeled shoes, and sandals with front and back exposure. Check the shoes before each wear, remove the debris inside the shoes and flatten the insole folds. Soak your feet in warm water at 40℃ every day, keep your feet hygienic, prohibit the use of hot water bags for warmth, avoid trauma and burns, deal with corns, calluses and tinea pedis, frequently check your feet for skin cracks, friction wounds, blisters, redness, discoloration and foot pads, and seek medical attention if you have any of the above symptoms, do not carry out treatment on your own.