From the development of modern kidney disease, it mainly belongs to the category of oedema, lumbago and deficiency labor in Chinese medicine, which are caused by external evil invading the body due to the malfunction of the kidney’s main water and kidney essence. Therefore, in order to prevent the occurrence of kidney diseases, the first step is to maintain the normal function of the kidney as the master of water and the kidney as the reservoir of essence, and to avoid the production of kidney deficiency. According to Zhongjing’s idea of treating the disease in the prevention and treatment of kidney diseases, there are two main aspects: firstly, to support the righteousness and improve the ability to resist the occurrence of kidney diseases; secondly, after the onset of the disease, timely treatment to prevent its transmission and prevent its heavy disease. As long as the five organs of the human body is full of true qi, the bodily health is smooth, strong resistance to disease, then the righteousness of the internal, the evil can not dry, only in the case of deficiency of the righteousness, the evil virus can take advantage of the weakness of the body, harming the human body, and may even cause death. In this regard, the country’s leading nephrologists have insightful discussions, such as the late Professor Zou Yunxiang, one of the founders of the discipline of Chinese medicine nephrology: kidney is “the essence of the innate, the root of life” in the body’s role is very important, the kidney is the source of the function of the internal organs of the whole body, for human growth and development, disease prevention, health and prolonged life are very important. To prevent the development of kidney disease, through long-term clinical practice, the author’s experience is: support the righteousness, prevent infection, diet, pay attention to labor and rest. Kidney Yin deficiency is usually seen in the recovery period of acute nephritis, chronic nephritis with elevated blood pressure, lupus nephritis, and the first stage of nephrotic syndrome with high doses of corticosteroids. It is suitable for those with kidney qi deficiency and yin deficiency, mostly seen in chronic nephritis, recovery from acute nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, etc. Yin deficiency and Yang hyperactivity are mostly seen in renal hypertension, uremia and other neurological symptoms. The deficiency of kidney yang is mostly seen in the process of hormone withdrawal in nephropathy, such as “hormone withdrawal syndrome”. Therefore, it is important to guide the prevention and treatment of various kidney diseases to alleviate and control kidney deficiency.