The China Lung Cancer Summit Forum was held in Beijing recently, and experts predicted that by 2025, the number of lung cancer patients in China will reach 1 million, and that in 12 years China will likely become the world’s number one lung cancer country, with the incidence of lung cancer in China growing at 26, 9% annually. Figures released in China not long ago also show that the number of people suffering from lung cancer in the Chinese capital Beijing has increased by more than 50% compared to a decade ago, with smoking and air pollution both being cancer-causing factors. An 8-year-old girl in China’s Jiangsu province was diagnosed with lung cancer, which is thought to be linked to air pollution. Lung cancer is traditionally treated with surgery and radiotherapy, and although some patients can benefit, it still suffers from the shortcomings of being very traumatic and painful to treat. Recently, Dr. Jin Yong, Chief of Interventional Medicine of the Second Affiliated Hospital of SUDA, performed microwave ablation surgery on two elderly lung cancer patients in their 80s, creating a new minimally invasive mode of labor for this disease. During the operation, under the precise guidance of CT, Dr. Jin Yong inserted a special microwave ablation needle of only 1 or 2mm into the tumor, and started to heat and ablate after the CT scan clearly “hitting the target center”, which completely burned a tumor of nearly 5cm in size in only 10 minutes. According to Dr. Jin Yong, the chief physician of the Minimally Invasive Comprehensive Lung Cancer Treatment Committee of China Anti-Cancer Association, who first introduced this technology into the city, microwave ablation adopts the principle of microwave heating, which is like introducing a small microwave oven into the tumor and rapidly heating it to about 100℃ to completely burn the tumor to death. Because the microwave ablation needle can control only a certain range of heating, so there is no harm to the normal tumor surrounding. According to experts, microwave ablation, radiofrequency ablation and other tumor local ablation techniques have the following advantages compared with traditional treatment methods such as surgery, radiation therapy and vascular intervention: (1) exact curative effect. For tumors with good location (below 5cm), local ablation can achieve the effect of surgical resection. If the surgeon’s operation technique is excellent, complete necrosis can be achieved for large tumors or tumors in dangerous locations, which is incomparable to traditional vascular interventions and other treatment methods. (2) Minimal trauma. Local ablation can be achieved with the help of a small needle eye of 1-2 mm, which eliminates the need for a large incision of about 20 cm in surgery. (3) Safer. Although local ablation has certain risks, the complication rate is lower and less severe than surgical resection, and most of them are easy to handle. (4) Simplicity. Surgical procedures usually take more than 2 hours, while local ablation of tumor can be done in about 10 minutes. (5) Quick recovery. If it goes well, most of the surgical procedures take 3 days to get off the ground, 8 days to remove the stitches, and 10 days to be discharged from the hospital, while local ablation can be done after the surgery, and the patient can be discharged from the hospital the next day with a little observation. (6) Higher quality of life. Surgical resection often leaves long-term complications or sequelae, and radiotherapy has strong toxic reactions, while similar sequelae of local ablation rarely occur. (7) Repeatable. Vascular interventions can be performed several times, but the efficacy is much inferior to that of local ablation; surgical procedures have the highest efficacy, but they are more damaging and difficult to perform several times. The efficacy of local ablation is close to that of surgical resection, but the scope of tissue damage is small, so it can be repeated several times for recurrent lesions. (1) Although the requirements for liver function and other indicators are relatively low compared with those of surgery, critical illness and poor general health are also major contraindications to local ablation therapy. (2) The efficacy and safety are closely related to the size and location of the tumor. From the existing research data, the larger the tumor is, the worse the ablation treatment effect is; if the tumor is close to other important organs, the treatment effect will be compromised because of the contraindication. (3) Radiofrequency ablation treatment involves many disciplines such as imaging, oncology, interventional radiology, etc. The requirements for surgeons are very high.