There is usually no familial predisposition to optic neuromyelitis optica, but there may be a genetic predisposition. Optic neuromyelitis optica is a group of autoimmune disorders that primarily affect the spinal cord and optic nerves, and its onset may be related to genetic, environmental, and EBV infections. When the autoimmune system is disrupted, antibodies that attack one’s own nerve tissue are produced, leading to optic nerve and spinal cord damage. A few familial cases of optic neuromyelitis optica have been reported both in China and abroad, and the presence of the disease in the family increases the probability of developing the disease. However, the exact mechanism of inheritance is not clear. Symptoms of optic neuromyelitis optica may include eye pain, visual field defects, significant loss of vision; persistent hiccups (hiccups), nausea, vomiting, etc. that cannot be explained by other causes; dizziness, diplopia, lethargy; and paraplegia or quadriplegia or even respiratory muscle paralysis in severe cases. The treatment of optic nerve myelitis includes mainly glucocorticoids, plasma replacement, monoclonal antibodies and immunosuppressive drugs. Specific drugs should be used under the guidance of a doctor. Once the discomfort symptoms should be timely consultation, under the guidance of the doctor reasonable use of drugs, avoid unauthorized use of drugs.