Due to changes in the disease spectrum, lung cancer has become the “number one killer”, ranking as the leading cause of death from malignant tumors among Shanghai residents. Evidence-based medical evidence suggests that lung cancer screening can help in early diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer, thereby reducing the disease mortality rate and improving patient survival and quality of life. Low-dose spiral computed tomography (LDCT) has a tumor detection rate 10 times higher than that of chest radiography for peripheral small lung cancer, and LDCT has been used internationally to screen for early lung cancer since the 1990s, but unfortunately, there is almost no standardized and systematic LDCT screening program for high-risk groups in China. The project of “Community Lung Cancer Early Screening” led by Professor Han Baohui of Chest Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University not only fills this gap in China, but also tries to summarize a road of early diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer in China. Su Lei, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University What are the important objectives of the first “community-based lung cancer early screening” project? ①Propose “high-risk parameters” for lung cancer screening with Chinese characteristics Establish “high-risk groups” for lung cancer screening with Chinese characteristics, and propose “high-risk parameters” for lung cancer screening that meet the characteristics of our population. The “high-risk parameters” for lung cancer screening are based on the characteristics of the Chinese population. In setting the high-risk parameters for early lung cancer screening, the project team referred to the results of authoritative studies such as the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) in the United States. The project team hopes to summarize a set of standardized community-based lung cancer enrollment and initial screening process and clinical treatment pathway for isolated small lung nodules, which will greatly improve the overall level of early diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer in China, increase the diagnosis rate of stage I-II lung cancer by about 30%, and reduce the number of relative deaths by about 20%. ③Establish database Establish imaging protocols with the best efficacy ratio suitable for people’s screening and establish a database of early-stage lung cancer patients. ④Improve vertical linkage Through the vertical linkage between tertiary hospitals and community hospitals, we ensure the implementation of primary screening for high-risk groups of lung cancer and the popularization of the concept of early diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer; we also ensure the accuracy of LDCT examinations and the feasibility of patients’ subsequent access to high level differential diagnosis and treatment. As of June 2014, the first round of the “Community Lung Cancer Early Screening” project has been completed, with a total of 6,000 people in Xuhui District surveyed and 2,682 high-risk groups screened by LDCT in batches. 26.7% of the total population were screened for small lung nodules, 61 of which were suspected of early lung cancer. The Chest Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University has performed surgical treatment for 18 of these suspected patients, and 17 of them were diagnosed with early lung cancer intraoperatively, with an early diagnosis rate of 100%, and the rest of the patients are also included in the screening pathway for close follow-up. The research results of this project have provided accurate and standardized guidelines for future clinical and research work, and have played a positive role in improving the survival time and quality of life of lung cancer patients, which is a good realization of the original purpose of the “Community Lung Cancer Early Screening” project.