It is especially important to take preventive measures against cancer. 1/3 of cancers can be prevented, 1/3 of cancers can be treated if diagnosed early, and 1/3 of cancers can reduce pain and prolong life.
I. Primary prevention
Primary prevention of gastric cancer refers to the etiology and pathogenesis of gastric cancer, which aims to reduce the incidence of gastric cancer.
1.Etiology prevention
Preventive measures against the causes of gastric cancer play an important role in eliminating or avoiding the causes of cancer, and controlling dietary factors is very important to the etiological prevention of gastric cancer.
(1) Improve bad eating habits and ways. We should eat on time, avoid overeating, food should not be too hard, eating should not be too fast, eating emotionally pleasant, and should develop good eating habits of chewing and swallowing slowly.
(2) Avoid high-salt food, and promote frozen fresh. Cured foods containing high concentration of salt, such as salted meat and salted fish, are important triggers for the occurrence of stomach cancer. The intake of salt-cured foods should be reduced as much as possible, and the daily salt intake should be less than 10g.
(3) Eat less smoked, fried and baked foods, and prefer braised and stewed foods.
(4) Eat more foods with anti-cancer effect, fresh vegetables, fruits, soy products, milk, garlic, green tea, etc. are negatively correlated with the incidence of gastric cancer and are ideal foods to prevent gastric cancer.
2.Pathogenesis prevention
Interventions are taken for pre-cancerous gastric diseases to block the evolution of precancerous lesions into cancer or to reverse them into normal cells. By intervention, it means to exert external influences to control the process of tumor development. Theoretically, interventions can achieve gastric cancer prevention and further verify the cause of gastric cancer. Interventions include chemical interventions and behavioral interventions. The method of preventing the occurrence of gastric cancer or reversing the differentiation of cancer cells with chemical drugs is called cancer chemoprevention.
Secondary prevention
Secondary prevention of gastric cancer refers to the three early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment of gastric cancer. The purpose is to reduce the mortality rate of gastric cancer. The core content of secondary prevention of gastric cancer is to detect gastric cancer patients at the early stage, so as to fight for early treatment opportunities for them.
1.Census as the way of early detection
According to the statistics of domestic gastric cancer patients, less than 1/3 of gastric cancer can be diagnosed within three months after the appearance of symptoms, and more than 1/3 of gastric cancer can be diagnosed more than one year after the appearance of symptoms. less than 10% of gastric cancer patients diagnosed in general general general hospital outpatient clinics have early gastric cancer, but in recent years, due to the common application of gastroscopy, the number of early gastric cancer patients diagnosed in hospital outpatient clinics has increased to a certain extent. However, due to the limitation of conditions, some patients with early gastric cancer are not examined, especially those with mild symptoms and asymptomatic patients are missed.
2.Screening focus – high risk group of gastric cancer
Usually, the following people are the focus of screening: those who are over 40 years old and have recurrent upper gastrointestinal symptoms with unknown diagnosis; those who suffer from pre-cancerous diseases, such as atrophic gastritis, persistent gastric ulcer, gastric polyp, post-surgical residual stomach, pernicious anemia; those who are found to have pre-cancerous lesions in gastric mucosa epithelium by gastroscopy, including heterogeneous hyperplasia and incomplete intestinal epithelial metaplasia; those who have family history of gastric cancer.
3.Means of early detection – screening methods
Fiberoptic gastroscopy and gastric mucosal biopsy are the gold standard for gastric cancer diagnosis, and there is a lack of ideal means for initial screening of gastric cancer.
4.The purpose of early detection and early diagnosis of gastric cancer – early treatment
If gastric cancer has been diagnosed, it should be treated by surgery as early as possible, and appropriate comprehensive treatment should be carried out after surgery according to the condition.
3.Tertiary prevention
Tertiary prevention of gastric cancer refers to taking active measures to improve patients’ quality of life and promote their recovery. The purpose is to improve the survival rate of gastric cancer.
For early gastric cancer, endoscopic mucosal resection can be considered if the tumor is small. For gastric resection, if there is no lymphatic metastasis, chemotherapy can be dispensed with and immunity-boosting drugs can be used alone. For middle and late stage gastric cancer, comprehensive treatment should be strengthened to relieve pain and improve survival quality. After treatment, regular follow-up and observation should be conducted, and various measures should be taken to promote recovery.