Hepatitis B is caused by hepatitis B virus infection and hepatitis C is caused by hepatitis C virus infection. Both have similar transmission routes and progression and outcome of the disease, but hepatitis C is less harmful than hepatitis B because of its high cure rate. Hepatitis B and hepatitis C are liver diseases caused by hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C infection, respectively, and both are highly dangerous infectious diseases. Both types of hepatitis have similar transmission routes, including blood and body fluid transmission, mother-to-child transmission, sexual contact transmission, and broken skin-mucous membrane contact transmission. Before the introduction of a screening system for blood donor infections, hepatitis C was mainly transmitted through transfusion of blood products. Unlike hepatitis B, adults infected with hepatitis C have a high chance of chronicity. The clinical manifestations of both hepatitis B and C can include symptoms such as fatigue, food aversion, nausea, abdominal distension, pain in the liver, chronic liver disease, spider nevus, liver palms, splenomegaly, etc. However, overall, the clinical manifestations of hepatitis C patients are relatively mild and the aminotransferases are less elevated than those of hepatitis B. Therefore, hepatitis C is often referred to clinically as “microhepatitis”. The progression of hepatitis C to end-stage liver disease such as liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and liver cancer is also slower than that of hepatitis B. The most gratifying thing is that the current treatment for hepatitis C is very effective, and most patients with liver disease can be cured by taking oral direct antiviral drugs (DAA); the opposite is true for hepatitis B. There is still no way to completely eradicate the hepatitis B virus, and the current anti-hepatitis B virus drugs can only inhibit the replication of the virus and control or slow down the progression of the disease. Even with the use of antiviral drugs, a small number of hepatitis B patients will eventually progress to the stage of cirrhosis and liver cancer. Therefore, hepatitis B and C are both liver diseases caused by hepatitis virus infection, with similar transmission routes, clinical manifestations and final outcomes, but because hepatitis C has effective treatment drugs and a high cure rate, it is less harmful than hepatitis B.