Laryngeal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in human body, accounting for about 1-2% of the whole body malignant tumors. In recent years, there is an obvious increasing trend. Except for the lesions invading the vocal cords, there are no special symptoms in the early stage of laryngeal cancer. Generally, it is dry, painful, itchy, foreign body sensation and other symptoms similar to common laryngitis, and with the development of lesions, hoarseness may appear, and respiratory difficulty may appear in the late stage. There is no direct relationship between common laryngitis and laryngeal cancer, and there is no need to be overly suspicious because of chronic laryngitis, which may cause mental panic and be detrimental to physical and mental health. However, it is important to mention the high-risk groups of laryngeal cancer here to facilitate our targeted examination and exclusion. For patients over 50 years old with hoarseness who have been smoking and drinking for a long time and whose general anti-inflammatory treatment is ineffective, the disease should be highly suspected. Smoking and environmental pollution (such as industrial exhaust and car exhaust) are the main causes of laryngeal cancer, while alcohol abuse is considered the second most causative factor of laryngeal cancer. In addition, the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in the development of laryngeal cancer should also be given sufficient attention. Long-standing pharyngeal reflux (reflux of gastric contents into the laryngeal cavity) may also be a potential factor in causing laryngeal cancer. Mucosal leukoplakia, severe atypical hyperplasia, adult papilloma, hypertrophic laryngitis and laryngeal keratosis are precancerous lesions and should be closely observed and treated in time. Of course, like other tumors, psychological stress and family genetics play a role in the development of laryngeal cancer. The treatment of laryngeal cancer is mainly surgical, and it advocates function-preserving surgery, that is, to preserve the function of articulation, breathing and swallowing of the larynx as much as possible after surgery. In addition to surgery, it is often necessary to combine with radiotherapy and other comprehensive treatments. With early diagnosis and proper treatment measures, laryngeal cancer patients can have a good prognosis.