Anaerobic bacteria are a class of bacteria that can only grow under low oxygen partial pressure conditions, and can be divided into specific anaerobic bacteria, microaerobic anaerobic bacteria and parthenogenic anaerobic bacteria according to their tolerance to oxygen, and E. coli belongs to the parthenogenic anaerobic bacteria, which is a microbial species that can grow and develop under aerobic or anaerobic conditions. E. coli is a normal bacterium in the intestinal tract of humans and animals, and most of them do not cause negative harm to the body, but when the body’s immunity is low, it may cause disease in the body, and the main pathogenic factor is the hair of E. coli, which adheres to the intestinal wall of the large intestine. In addition, there are very few special types of E. coli, which are quite virulent and will cause serious diseases once infected, and this kind of E. coli has virulence factors and secretes toxins to cause disease in the body. After E. coli infection, symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, vomiting and nausea may occur. The main source of infection is gastrointestinal infection, and usually the patient’s stool contains a large amount of E. coli pathogens, most of which are transmitted through fecal-oral transmission. In daily life, we can prevent E. coli infection by not drinking unclean water, washing hands regularly before and after meals and paying attention to hygiene.