1, clinical manifestations: neurological symptoms are related to the degree of spinal cord and spinal nerve involvement, the more common neurological symptoms are lower limb paralysis, urinary and fecal incontinence, etc. If the lesion is located in the lumbosacral region, lower limb delayed paralysis and muscle atrophy appear. (1) Loss of sensation and tendon reflexes. (2) The lower limbs mostly show low temperature, bruising and edema. (3) Tendency to develop trophic ulcers. (4) Even gangrene, often with muscle contracture. (5) Sometimes there is dislocation of the hip joint. (6) The lower limbs often show horseshoe foot deformity. (7) often have incontinence, some light cases, neurological symptoms may be very mild, with the age of the child neurological symptoms are often aggravated, which is related to the spinal canal growth faster than the spinal cord, the spinal cord and spinal nerve strain gradually increased. 2, classification: posterior spina bifida can be divided into the following categories: (1) recessive spina bifida (spina bifida occulta): this type of deformity is very common, only the spinal canal defect, the spinal cord itself is normal, so there are no neurological symptoms, no impact on health, it was thought that the disease is related to enuresis or other urinary tract diseases, but in fact the incidence of recessive spina bifida in normal children and In fact, the incidence of occult spina bifida is similar in normal children and children with urinary tract disorders. There are often abnormalities above the skin at the site of the defect, such as a handful of hairs, foci, moles, pigmentation, thickening of subcutaneous fat, etc. There may be congenital cysts or lipomas above the defect, and the diagnosis can be confirmed by X-ray examination. (2) spina bifida with meningocele (meningocele): a cyst in the spinal defect site, more often occurring in the lumbosacral region, the mass is round, may grow very large, inside only the cerebrospinal membrane and cerebrospinal fluid, no spinal cord and other neurological tissue, simple meningocele in children with no paralysis or other neurological symptoms, such as normal skin outside the wall of the cyst, the mass rarely secondary infection, if the wall is thin or has broken. If the wall of the capsule is very thin or has broken down, it often forms cerebrospinal fluid leakage or co-infection. (3) spina bifida with spinal cerebrospinal meningomyelocele (meningomyelocele): mostly occurs in the lumbosacral region, can also be seen in the back, the swelling is round, may be as large as an orange, in addition to the cerebrospinal membrane and cerebrospinal fluid, and neural tissue, covered with very thin skin outside, in the central area may only be covered with translucent cerebrospinal membrane, in newborns, sometimes only granulation tissue, it is easy to have ulcers The spinal cord tissue enters the upper part of the swelling, the nerve fibers are widely distributed in the swelling and then return to the spinal cord part of the spinal canal from its lower part. Some patients have hydrocephalus. (4) Sacral spinal cord cerebrospinal bulge occurs under the exit of the lumbosacral plexus, the lower extremities are not paralyzed, but urinary and fecal incontinence, newborns can be seen when crying dripping urine, in male infants can not be normal ejaculation.