Based on clinical manifestations and laboratory tests, one end of the spectrum is systemic lupus erythematosus, which is more common and has complex clinical manifestations with multiple laboratory test abnormalities; the other end is discoid lupus erythematosus, which has only skin manifestations and no obvious laboratory test abnormalities; and there are many subtypes in the middle. Systemic lupus erythematosus is mainly caused by genetic factors, external stimuli, sun exposure and many other factors, and belongs to connective tissue disease or rheumatic immune disease. The treatment of this disease generally requires the use of hormone therapy, and different doses are selected according to the condition, which can be taken orally or by shock therapy, and those with serious conditions should also be combined with some immunosuppressive drugs for comprehensive treatment.