Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a rheumatologic disease that involves multiple systems and is often manifested in the skin and mucous membranes, muscles and joints, kidneys, cardiovascular system and other parts of the body.
1. Skin and mucous membranes: 80% of lupus patients will have a rash, often manifested as erythema pteronyssinus and erythema discoidea in the zygomatic region, but usually without significant itching. Painless ulcers may appear in the oral cavity and nasal mucosa, and there may be hair loss, which usually indicates lupus activity.
2. Muscle and joints: arthralgia is one of the most common symptoms of lupus, which is usually found in the wrist, fingers, knees and other parts of the body, not accompanied by redness and swelling, and often shows symmetrical involvement.
3. Kidney: 27.9%~70% of patients have kidney involvement, which is called lupus nephritis, and it is mainly manifested by hematuria, proteinuria, edema, hypertension, and in severe cases, renal failure.
4. Cardiovascular: it often manifests as pericarditis, and may present with warty endocarditis, which often involves the mitral valve.
SLE is a complex immune-related diseases, it is recommended that patients can go to the rheumatology and immunology department of regular hospitals and other related departments, and follow the doctor’s instructions to standardize the diagnosis and treatment.