It is well known that children (especially in the younger age groups) have the habit of holding things in their mouths, plus some parents often feed their children some nutty foods. At this time, once the child laughs, cries, runs and jumps, it is very likely that the things contained in the mouth or food crumbs are inhaled into the respiratory tract (mainly the trachea and main bronchus), causing choking and coughing, wheezing, and becoming one of the main causes of accidental injury in children. Since the cough reflex is not yet well developed in children, foreign bodies inhaled into the trachea are difficult to be coughed up, and the stimulation of foreign bodies on the tracheal wall will soon cause complications such as tracheitis, pneumonia, atelectasis and emphysema in children, which can quickly become life-threatening in severe cases. Currently, tracheoscopy is the most effective means to clearly diagnose and quickly remove foreign bodies. The advantages of this examination are rapid, intuitive, no surgical incision and few postoperative complications. The Department of Otolaryngology of Beijing Children’s Hospital has accumulated rich experience in the diagnosis and removal of foreign bodies from the respiratory tract, and has successfully removed more than 7,000 cases of tracheal and bronchial foreign bodies in children by tracheoscopy, maintaining an excellent performance of 0 mortality and 0.01% complications in the perioperative period for 17 years. Expert tips: Parents should avoid the above-mentioned situations that may cause foreign bodies in the pediatric respiratory tract, and once they occur, they should go to the hospital in a timely manner, not to take a chance, so as not to delay the condition and increase the difficulty of surgery. For some children without a clear history of foreign body inhalation (including school-age children who have the habit of holding things in their mouths), the occurrence of irritating choking and wheezing without obvious causes, sometimes not accompanied by fever and ineffective antibiotic treatment should be given sufficient attention, promptly ask the child and relevant personnel whether they have a history of foreign body inhalation, and go to the relevant departments of the hospital to prevent missed diagnosis.