Chronic renal failure is also known as chronic uremic syndrome. A clinical syndrome of chronic substantial renal damage from various causes, characterized by reduced renal function, metabolite retention, and imbalance of water, electrolyte and acid-base balance. Various chronic kidney diseases can lead to renal insufficiency. If the etiology is clear, early etiological treatment should be carried out to avoid continued destruction of renal parenchyma. For patients with chronic renal failure that is difficult to recover, in addition to dietary therapy, attention to maintaining water, electrolyte and acid-base balance, control of azotemia, prevention of infection and other integrated measures of Chinese and Western medicine, long-term intermittent hemodialysis therapy and renal transplantation have been used in recent years, and good results have been obtained. At a certain stage of the development of chronic renal failure, there is an acute exacerbation of renal function, which may sometimes progress to uremia, but if treated timely and properly, renal function can be reversed to a certain extent, but on the contrary, it may threaten the life of the patient. Common reversible factors for acute exacerbation of chronic renal failure are: 1, severe infection; 2, heart failure; 3, urinary tract obstruction; 4, disturbance of water, electrolyte and acid-base balance; 5, hypovolemia (hypotension, dehydration, hemorrhage or shock); 6, uncontrolled hypertension; 7, nephrotoxic drugs; 8, high protein diet; 9, inappropriate use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) or angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB), etc.