In recent years, with the improvement of molecular biology technology and the further understanding of tumor pathogenesis at the molecular level of cell receptors and proliferation regulation, people have started to target cell receptors, key genes and regulatory molecules, and call it “molecular targeted therapy”. Compared with conventional chemotherapy, which does not selectively kill cells, molecularly targeted therapy works on tumor cells and improves the precision of tumor treatment. Instead of targeting tumor cells, molecularly targeted drugs target molecules specifically or highly expressed on tumor cell membranes or within cells, which can not only act more specifically on tumor cells to block their growth, metastasis or induce apoptosis, but also reduce the killing effect on normal cells. In recent years, novel molecularly targeted drugs targeting signal transduction, growth factors and their receptors in lung cancer therapy have shown promising efficacy.