The main diseases for liver transplantation include the following: 1. Substantial liver diseases caused by non-pathogenic microorganisms. Such as alcoholic cirrhosis, acute and chronic liver failure caused by drugs and chemical toxins, congenital liver fibrosis, cystic fibrosis, giant liver cyst, Boo-ga syndrome, severe irreversible trauma, autoimmune hepatitis, etc. 2.All kinds of hepatitis and cirrhosis caused by various pathogenic microorganisms leading to liver failure and portal hypertension. These include acute and chronic hepatitis caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), cirrhosis, schistosomiasis, liver encysticercosis, etc. Among them, acute and chronic hepatitis related to HBV infection, cirrhosis and liver failure are the most common indications for liver transplantation in China, accounting for almost 80% to 90% of all cases. 3. Congenital metabolic disorders. Such as: hepatomegaly (Wilson’s disease), glycogen accumulation, hyperammonemia, antitrypsin deficiency, familial non-hemolytic jaundice, tyrosinemia, etc. These diseases, which can lead to early death or abnormal development of the child due to abnormal metabolism of certain substances, are the more common indications for pediatric liver transplantation. 4. Cholestatic diseases. Such as congenital biliary atresia, primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), secondary biliary cirrhosis, Calorie’s disease, intrahepatic biliary atresia (Byler’s disease), etc. In these diseases, patients have jaundice as the main clinical manifestation, which may be very high, but the synthetic function of the liver can remain normal for a long time. Among them, PBC and PSC have the risk of recurrence after transplantation. 5. liver tumor: liver malignant tumor without extrahepatic metastasis and major vascular invasion can also be an indication for liver transplantation. 2000 World Congress on Transplantation held in Milan, Italy, the Congress recommended that liver transplantation for liver cancer should be performed according to the Milan standard, i.e. single tumor less than or equal to 5cm in diameter, multiple tumors not more than 3, maximum not more than 3cm, and no major vascular invasion. According to this standard, the 5-year tumor-free survival rate of liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma can reach 80%, which is significantly better than the traditional treatment methods. Especially in China, where the majority of liver cancers occur on the basis of cirrhosis and have a background of HBV or HCV infection, liver transplantation provides a multi-treatment effect.