Survival time of childhood leukemia is related to the typing of leukemia and therapeutic interventions and cannot be generalized. Leukemia is a common malignancy in children and is classified as acute leukemia and chronic leukemia. Without therapeutic intervention after illness, the natural course of acute leukemia is a few months to half a year, and the course of chronic leukemia is about five years. According to professionally standardized criteria, the cure of childhood leukemia after active treatment is assessed by a five-year overall survival rate and a five-year disease-free survival rate. Some childhood leukemias can be cured, and the cure rate for acute lymphoblastic leukemia, which is common in children in China, is currently 80% to 90% through chemotherapy. The disease is diagnosed and evaluated by regular follow-ups based on chemotherapy cycles, reviewing routine blood tests, blood smears, bone marrow aspiration and cytomorphology.