Those who are found to be positive for hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) for more than six months and whose liver function is always normal can be diagnosed as chronic hepatitis B virus carriers. Hepatitis B virus carriers may develop into symptomatic hepatitis B and cirrhosis, and some people are always in hepatitis B virus carriers. Hepatitis B carriers should complete systematic checkups and insist on regular review and daily protection to avoid the progression of the disease as much as possible. Currently, the need for treatment and how to treat hepatitis B carriers should be evaluated in conjunction with relevant laboratory tests and examinations. The best method is to perform a liver biopsy and decide whether to administer antiviral and immunomodulatory treatments according to the severity of the liver lesions and inflammatory lesions. For patients who do not undergo liver biopsy, a comprehensive evaluation of the five hepatitis B tests, hepatitis B virus DNA test, liver function and liver ultrasound can be performed to speculate whether the patient’s liver is damaged and to develop a treatment plan accordingly. Hepatitis B virus carriers should also pay attention to the prevention of fatty liver and alcoholic liver disease so as to reduce additional damage to the liver. Therefore, hepatitis B carriers should have a balanced diet in their daily life, eat less fatty and oily food, eat more fruits and vegetables, supplement high-quality protein, vitamins and minerals, quit smoking and avoid alcohol, arrange work and rest reasonably, drink more water appropriately, and do physical exercise appropriately to strengthen the body’s resistance. In addition, female hepatitis B virus carriers who are planning to have children should first go to a medical institution for assessment of their condition and strengthen protection during pregnancy, and infants born to such patients should receive hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin for active immunization. In summary, hepatitis B carriers should undergo systematic examination to determine the presence of liver damage, pay attention to lifestyle modification and adhere to disease monitoring, and take appropriate therapeutic measures when necessary.