Survival of patients with squamous lung cancer after surgery varies from person to person and is related to the patient’s postoperative pathologic stage, molecular markers, coexisting disease, and care. Based on the pathologic stage of the tumor, the 5-year survival rates for patients with squamous lung cancer at stages IA, IB, IIA, and IIB are 73%, 58%, 46%, and 36%, respectively. In case of early stage squamous lung cancer, for example, stage I squamous lung cancer, the tumor spread is small, and it is resected by radical surgery, the 5-year survival rate is higher, and even some patients can survive for a long time. For patients with stage II squamous lung cancer, the spread of the tumor is larger and the chance of tumor recurrence may be relatively higher, and the 5-year survival rate will be relatively lower. In addition, patients with molecular markers have a better prognosis, for example, patients with EGFR mutations have a relatively better prognosis. In addition to clinical staging and molecular markers, patient survival is also related to general status and underlying disease. Patients with good general status and fewer underlying diseases will have a relatively longer survival. In addition, postoperative care is also very important. Patients with squamous lung cancer should develop good living habits, have regular diet, eat more food rich in high quality protein, as well as fresh fruits and vegetables, supplement protein and vitamins, avoid overeating, quit smoking and drinking, undergo regular checkups, and seek medical advice promptly for any maladjustment in daily life. To summarize, if patients with squamous lung cancer undergo timely surgery at the early stage of the disease, the possibility of sequelae can be reduced, the 5-year survival rate of patients can be improved, the survival cycle can be prolonged and the quality of life can be improved.