Idiopathic scoliosis is categorized according to age of onset as infantile (0-3 years), toddler (4-9 years), adolescent (10-18 years), and adult (after 18 years). The most common type is adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, which is diagnosed by a Cobb’s angle of 10° or more in the coronal plane, and has a prevalence of about 2-3%. The prevalence of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis over 20° is 0.3-0.5%, and the prevalence of scoliosis over 40° is 0.1%. Surgery is required for aesthetically disturbing adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, such as unequal shoulders, razorback deformity, low back bulge, bucket waist, sagittal and coronal imbalance, back pain and discomfort, spinal nerve compression, and cardiorespiratory compromise.