Anxiety disorders, also known as anxiety neurosis, are characterized by generalized anxiety disorder (chronic anxiety disorder) and episodic panic states (acute anxiety disorder), often accompanied by dizziness, chest tightness, palpitations, dyspnea, dry mouth, dysuria, urinary frequency, urgency, sweating, tremor and motor restlessness, whose anxiety is not caused by an actual threat, or whose degree of nervousness and panic is very disproportionate to the reality of the situation. Anxiety disorders are different from normal anxiety reactions: first, they are unprovoked anxiety, tension, and fear without a clear object or content; second, they point to the future, as if some threat is imminent, but the patient himself cannot say what kind of threat or danger exists; third, they last for a long time, and without active and effective treatment, they can be prolonged for weeks, months, or even years. Finally, anxiety disorders present a persistent or episodic state of panic in addition to a variety of physical symptoms. In short, pathological anxiety is a form of unfounded panic and nervousness, experienced psychologically as generalized worry and panic with no fixed goal, and physiologically accompanied by physical symptoms of increased alertness. These symptoms are not only found in simple anxiety disorders, but also in some psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and other psychiatric disorders. The anxiety symptoms of such disorders are only one of their symptoms. These anxiety symptoms are not essentially different from simple anxiety disorders in terms of clinical symptoms and psychiatry, and may be more complicated to treat than simple anxiety disorders because other symptoms of such patients need to be treated along with their anxiety symptoms, so a distinction needs to be made here from simple anxiety disorders. Anxiety disorders are commonly referred to as anxiety states, the full name of which is anxiety neurosis. Anxiety disorders are brain dysfunctions with persistent anxiety, fear, tension, and impaired vegetative activity, often accompanied by motor agitation and somatic discomfort. It occurs in young adulthood, and there is no significant difference in the incidence between the sexes. Anxiety disorders are states with significant and persistent psychological and physical symptoms of anxiety that are not caused by other diseases. Anxiety disorders are divided into two categories: persistent symptoms (generalized anxiety disorder) and paroxysmal symptoms. The latter is subdivided into anxiety that occurs in specific states (phobic anxiety disorder) and anxiety that can occur in any situation (panic disorder). Fear and anxiety disorders are further divided into object phobia, social phobia, and agoraphobia. The patient’s emotions are very unsettling and fearful, often showing excessive worry about something in real life or something in the future, or sometimes the patient can worry without a clear goal in mind. This worry is often disproportionate to reality and can be very distressing. It is also accompanied by symptoms of plant nervous disorders such as hypertension and muscle tension. The pre-morbid character of anxiety disorders is mostly timid and fearful, with low self-esteem and suspiciousness, thinking before and after doing things, hesitating, and unable to adapt quickly to new things and new environments. The reasons for the onset of the disease are mental factors, such as being in a stressful environment and not being able to adapt, experiencing misfortune or difficulty in undertaking a more complex and difficult job. Anxiety (an unpleasant state of tension without a clear cause) can occur in normal people when they are faced with difficult or dangerous tasks, and when they have a feeling that an unfavorable situation or danger will occur. Anxiety is not a bad thing; it can often motivate you to muster up the strength to cope with an impending crisis (or anxiety is a positive stress instinct). It is only when the level and duration of anxiety exceeds a certain level that it becomes a symptom of anxiety, which can have the opposite effect – preventing a person from coping with the crisis in front of him or her, or even from living a normal life. It is possible to feel anxious most of the time without any clear reason; in fact, nothing can be done. Anxiety symptoms are also seen in affective psychosis, schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive neurosis, dysthymia, organic blurred states of consciousness, hyperthyroidism, etc. Therefore, the broad term “anxiety disorder” is a general term for a large group of disorders, including obsessive-compulsive disorder, phobias, panic disorder, post-traumatic disorder, and so on. The anxiety disorders mentioned here are narrowly defined and are officially diagnosed as generalized anxiety disorders. Currently, it is considered that anxiety disorders are diagnosed only when the cause of anxiety is not obvious or disproportionate to the degree of anxiety, when the anxiety symptoms are prominent and other symptoms are not obvious, and when they continue for a long period of time. Most anxiety disorders begin in middle age or young adulthood, and are twice as common in women as in men. There are basically three groups of clinical manifestations, which can also be considered as the three major symptoms of anxiety disorders: 1. Pathological anxiety. There is a persistent or episodic occurrence of inexplicable fear, dread, tension and uneasiness. There is a sense of anticipatory danger, a feeling that some kind of disaster is coming, or even a feeling of death (“near-death feeling”). The patient fears that he or she will lose control and may suddenly faint or “go crazy”. Seventy percent of patients also have symptoms of depression and lack of confidence and joy in their present and future lives. They are sometimes agitated and unbalanced, often get angry for no reason, argue with family members, and are dissatisfied with everything. Anxiety disorders have cognitive impairment, inability to perceive and recognize the surroundings clearly, thinking becomes simple and vague, focusing on one’s health status all day long, and worrying about the reoccurrence of the disease. 2. Somatic discomfort symptoms. They are often early symptoms. During the progressive stage of the disease, there are usually a variety of physical symptoms: palpitations, panic attacks, chest tightness, shortness of breath, discomfort or pain in the precordial area, increased heart rate and respiration, general fatigue, reduced ability to live and work, and difficulty in performing simple daily chores, which in turn increase the patient’s worry and anxiety. There are also sleep disorders such as insomnia, early awakening and nightmares, which are quite severe and persistent. In addition, there may be symptoms of digestive disorders. The vast majority of patients with anxiety disorders also have hand tremors, finger tremors or numbness, paroxysmal flushing or coldness, menstrual irregularities, menopause, loss of libido, frequent urination, dizziness, vertigo, fear, syncopal episodes, etc. 3. Psychomotor restlessness (referred to as psychogenic restlessness). Fidgeting, restlessness, rubbing hands and feet, pacing around, increased small movements, inability to concentrate, and not knowing why one is so frightened.