1.Urine routine.
Routine urine test can play the role of screening, simple, fast, half an hour ~ 1 hour to produce results. The test includes: urine protein, occult blood, urine sugar, cellular components, etc.
Retention method: fresh morning urine or random urine, take the middle section of urine (the front and last part of the urine discarded, leaving the middle section of urine) 30 ~ 50 ml, loaded into a clean container such as urine cup sent for testing.
2, urine sediment red blood cell count and classification.
Used to detect the number and shape of red blood cells in urine.
Retention method: fresh morning urine or random urine, take 30~50 ml of middle segment urine, put it into a clean container such as urine cup and send it for examination.
Caution.
Avoid acidic foods or drinks. (When the urine pH <5.5, only the cell membrane is left in a circle, i.e., shadow red state, which makes it difficult to identify the morphology and source of red blood cells, so oral baking soda can be taken after 3 days.
② Urine specimens for urine concentration test should not be taken during the time period when the urine specimens for this item are taken.
③ Women should not keep specimens for three days before and after menstruation, and men should avoid contaminating specimens with semen and prostate fluid.
3.24 hours urine protein, urine physical and chemical properties analysis.
The content of protein, microalbumin, amino acids and electrolytes in urine should be determined more accurately.
Retention method: After getting up at 7:00 a.m., urine will be drained for the first time. Thereafter, urine will be collected each time, put into the urine retention container (please add preservative toluene in advance), and mixed until 7:00 a.m. the next day when the last urine will be put into the urine retention container. (You can also collect urine from any point in the morning of the first day to the same point in the morning of the second day in the same way as above)
Caution.
① Require normal eating and drinking, do not overeat to avoid affecting the total amount of urine in 24 hours.
② Patients with hematuria or celiac disease should not be tested to avoid affecting the results.
③ Specimens of other items should not be taken within this 24-hour period.
4.Urine microprotein and urine protein five analysis
Used to determine the degree of glomerular damage.
Retrieval method: fresh morning urine or random urine, take 30~50 ml of middle urine, put it into a clean container such as urine cup and send it for testing.
5. Urine Benzedrine, specific antibodies κ, λ light chain.
Suggests light chain deposition disease, multiple myeloma or amyloidosis.
Retention method: Fresh morning urine or random urine, take 30~50 ml of middle urine and send it in a clean container such as urine cup for testing.
Note: ① Celiac disease should not be tested, so as not to affect the results. ② urine specimens for urine concentration test should not be taken within the time period of the urine specimen.
6.Mid-phase urine culture, drug sensitivity test.
For the detection of urinary pathogenic microorganisms
Retention method.
① Retain the morning urine.
②Before taking the specimen, the patient should wash the perineum with soapy water and 1:1000 potassium permanganate solution or Neosporin solution.
③ natural urination, so that the urine presents as an outflow, discard the anterior segment, retain the middle segment of urine about 10 ml, cover and send immediately for testing. If it cannot be sent for examination immediately, it can be stored temporarily refrigerated in the refrigerator.
④ Do anaerobic culture should be sterile syringe bladder puncture to retain urine.
Note: The whole process of urine retention should absolutely avoid hand and object surface contact with the utensil and cover to avoid contamination.