Extracorporeal lithotripsy was once used in the treatment of gallstones, but nowadays it is prohibited in the treatment of gallbladder stones and is only used intraoperatively to break up hard-to-remove bile duct stones, because the former may cause serious complications and even threaten the life of the patient. First of all, in terms of biliary anatomy, stones in the gallbladder may fall into the common bile duct on their own through the cystic duct and cause biliary obstruction, jaundice or even cholangitis, which is a more serious complication of gallbladder stones, while larger gallbladder stones do not easily fall in on their own. The risk of bile duct obstruction and cholangitis increases. Furthermore, the gallbladder is surrounded by a very important organ, the liver, which is a fragmented and soft organ. Lithotripsy treatment from outside the body may damage this delicate organ. The liver is rich in blood vessels, and once injured, it may lead to massive intra-abdominal bleeding, which can be life-threatening. For this reason, extracorporeal lithotripsy has been banned for gallbladder stone treatment. Intraoperative lithotripsy treatment involves breaking up the stones under direct visualization of the choledochoscope and then completely removing the stones through a lithotripsy mesh basket so that they do not block the bile duct.