Complex and difficult kidney stones include stones larger than 2.0 cm in diameter, antler-shaped stones, multiple stones, ectopic kidney stones, combined horseshoe kidney stones, infected stones, cystine stones, isolated kidney stones, etc. These are large stones or special stones that cannot be solved by extracorporeal lithotripsy machines, and are also the most likely to recur, and patients often need multiple surgical interventions during their lifetime, and in the past a patient was operated on several times to retrieve stones In the past, multiple surgical interventions for a patient were common, which seriously affected the physical and mental health of patients. Currently, for these complex and difficult stones, minimally invasive treatment through percutaneous nephrolithoscopy, ureteroscopy and other lumpectomy techniques are promoted. Percutaneous nephrolithoscopy technology is to make a pen-sized hole in the patient’s waist to establish a channel from the skin to the kidney, and then use laser or pneumatic ballistic combined with ultrasonic lithotripsy under the nephrolithoscope to break up the stones and suck them out of the body, which is imaginatively compared to “making a hole to get a stone”. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy is mainly used to treat difficult giant kidney stones, multiple kidney stones and upper ureteral stones.