At present, most of the surgical treatments for thyroid cancer are carried out under general anesthesia, which usually adopts mixed anesthesia of respiratory tract and vein, or local anesthesia of cervical plexus nerve block. The choice of anesthesia for thyroid cancer surgery requires an assessment of the patient’s physical condition, complete the corresponding examination, and choose the surgical method and anesthesia. Thyroid cancer surgery requires major resection or total resection, and general anesthesia usually adopts mixed anesthesia of respiratory tract and vein, which has a better prognosis and less harmful effects on human body, and the recovery after surgery is also fast. Cervical plexus nerve block anesthesia can keep the patient awake during the operation. No matter which anesthesia is chosen for thyroid cancer, before anesthesia, it needs to be evaluated after a comprehensive examination by a professional doctor, and not all patients can undergo general anesthesia, which needs to be regulated under the guidance of the doctor.