1.What is prostate cancer Prostate cancer is caused by cancer of the glandular cells in the prostate gland. In Europe and the United States, prostate cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in men, and its incidence is also increasing year by year in China as the standard of living improves. The exact cause of prostate cancer is still not well understood, and is most likely related to elevated levels of androgens (testosterone), as well as familial inheritance, high-fat diet and ethnicity. The risk of prostate cancer in young men is low, but as they age, the risk of prostate cancer increases. 2. What are the main symptoms of prostate cancer Prostate cancer usually has no obvious symptoms in the early stage, which can be screened by doctor’s rectal examination and serum PSA, and patients with high suspicion of prostate cancer can be clearly diagnosed by prostate puncture biopsy. If early prostate cancer continues to develop, it will enter the progressive stage. At this time, patients may experience weakness in urination, difficulty in urination, and a sense of incomplete urination, and when it continues to develop to advanced prostate cancer, there may be symptoms such as blood in urine, weight loss, and even bone pain. 3.How to diagnose prostate cancer For the first visit, patients need to have PSA test, prostate finger examination and ultrasound of prostate gland. If prostate cancer is suspected, the definitive diagnosis is to do a prostate puncture biopsy, which is performed under the guidance of ultrasound and operated by a professional doctor, and the removed specimen is sent to the pathology department for diagnosis, so that prostate cancer can be found. 4. How to treat prostate cancer The treatment of prostate cancer is decided according to the stage of the tumor. The standard treatment for early stage prostate cancer includes surgery (radical prostatectomy) and radiotherapy; elderly patients or early stage prostate cancer patients in very poor physical condition can choose close observation or endocrine therapy. There is no curative treatment for patients with progressive and advanced stages, and treatment is mainly to control disease progression and relieve symptoms. Endocrine therapy (anti-androgen therapy) is the most commonly used treatment method at present. 5.What is radical prostate cancer surgery Radical prostate cancer surgery is one of the common methods to treat limited prostate cancer, especially for early stage patients who are in good health and less than 70 years old. The scope of surgery is radical removal of prostate, bilateral seminal vesicles and bilateral vas deferens and bladder neck, and the surgical methods include open surgery and laparoscopic surgery.