In the neurosurgery ward of Fuzhou General Hospital, the mother of a 6-year-old child with spastic cerebral palsy who had a lumbar selective posterior spinal nerve rhizotomy (SPR) for 7 days said excitedly, “It was very difficult for the child to walk, but now he can walk with support.” Children with cerebral palsy between the ages of 3 and 6 years old have a very high likelihood of walking, as long as they adhere to post-operative rehabilitation, their motor skills will all improve significantly after surgery. Pediatric cerebral palsy is a disease in which the fetal or neonatal brain tissue is abnormally developed or damaged during gestation and neonatal period, resulting in loss of control of lower motor neurons and manifesting as increased muscle tone, hyperreflexia and random movement disorders in the affected area, which may be accompanied by damage to the cerebellum. The disease is most often detected in infancy and early childhood. Pediatric cerebral palsy is mainly caused by the following three types of factors: 1. prenatal factors: about 30%, such as marriage between inbred parents, genetic mutation, viral infection during pregnancy, and drug or radioactive element damage can lead to defects and abnormalities in the development of fetal neural tissue. 2. intrapartum factors: about 30%. 2, intrapartum factors: about 60%, such as premature birth, obstructed labor, premature rupture of amniotic fluid, umbilical cord around the neck, asphyxia, as well as the use of anesthetics, midwifery equipment, etc. can lead to cerebral hypoxia, brain tissue damage. 3, postnatal factors: about 1O%, such as encephalitis, meningitis, craniocerebral trauma, carbon monoxide poisoning, etc. can lead to brain tissue damage. Due to the different parts of brain tissue damage, according to the characteristics of symptoms. Clinically, pediatric cerebral palsy is divided into spastic, tardive, ataxic, tonic, tremor and mixed types, with spastic type being the most common, accounting for about 60%. The early manifestations of pediatric cerebral palsy mainly include delayed or impaired development of motor function, coordination, intelligence and language. The early manifestations of cerebral palsy include delayed or impaired development of motor function, coordination, intelligence, language, and abnormal posture, such as stiffness of the head and neck, tension and difficulty in stretching the limbs, inability to grasp objects with clenched hands, inability to separate the legs from each other, inability to stand level with the feet, inability to stomp on the ground with the toes, or purposeless and involuntary movements of the hands and feet, or uncoordinated hand and foot movements. Spastic cerebral palsy is characterized by horseshoe foot and inward and outward turning of the feet, which is often referred to as walking on the toes. In severe cases, there is hip dislocation and knee flexion deformity, in which the knee joints of both legs are flexed inward like scissors. Children with cerebral palsy will be left with lifelong disabilities if they miss the best time for treatment; however, if they can be diagnosed and treated early and corresponding functional exercise methods are developed, the best treatment results can be achieved. Selective partial posterior spinal nerve root dissection has become the main surgical treatment for spasticity, and its safety and effectiveness have been widely recognized, especially in spastic cerebral palsy. The clinical practice for more than 20 years has proven the importance of SPR in the treatment and rehabilitation of cerebral palsy, with the advantages of significantly lowering muscle tone, more complete spasticity release and less impact on sensation and muscle strength. The general principles of surgical treatment of cerebral palsy are: comprehensive clinical evaluation, strict control of the indications for surgery, and providing conditions for rehabilitation or playing an auxiliary role by relieving spasticity and correcting deformities. Indications for surgery: (1) Simple spasticity, muscle tone grade III or above without significant improvement by rehabilitation. (2) The muscle strength of the affected muscles is above grade 3, and the trunk and motor control ability are also present. (3) No soft tissue deformity or only mild contracture deformity and mild bone and joint deformity. (4) No ankylosis, dystonia, tardive dyskinesia and ataxia. (5) Those who are intellectually able to cooperate with rehabilitation training, age 3 to 6 years is the best. (6) A small number of mixed cerebral palsy with mainly spasticity and severe spasticity and rigidity, which affects daily life, care and rehabilitation training. Correctly grasping the indications for surgery is the key to the efficacy of SPR. Contraindications include: (1) Extravertebral lesions such as tardive dyskinesia, tremor, ataxia and torsional spasm. (2) Weak muscle strength and hypotonia of the affected muscles. (3) Those who lack postoperative rehabilitation training conditions or those who are mentally retarded and have difficulty cooperating with rehabilitation training. (4)Patients and family members who lack enthusiasm for treatment. (5) Severe fixed contracture deformity of the limb with ankylosis as the main manifestation. (6) Those with severe spinal deformity and spinal instability, as well as those with bronchospasm and severe epilepsy. If the surgical technique and conditions are available, it is not absolutely contraindicated for spinal deformity and instability. In 2010, our department started to treat a dozen cases of spastic cerebral palsy using this procedure under neurophysiological monitoring, with good results. It is important to choose the age to do such a procedure. The age is most suitable from 3 to 6 years old. before 3 years old, the condition may improve; the type is unstable and not easy to be typed; the child does not cooperate and the postoperative rehabilitation is more difficult. after 6 years old, due to the long-term spasticity of the limbs in children with cerebral palsy, it causes secondary deformation and contracture of joints, tendons and ligaments, which increases the difficulty of surgery on the one hand, and the rehabilitation training is more difficult on the other. Rehabilitation training after cerebral palsy surgery is the most important and often the weakest part of the treatment process. Even if the surgery is successful, if the rehabilitation training cannot keep up, the effect will be greatly reduced. Children with cerebral palsy should undergo systematic rehabilitation training after surgery, and it should be adhered to for years. We have specialized rehabilitation physicians in our extracerebral rehabilitation department, and we will make a rehabilitation plan for each patient’s different condition. The rehabilitation information or review will then be obtained and the plan will be reworked according to different recovery situations.