First, at least six months of observation, preferably about 1 year This requires patients and families to maintain sufficient patience, not because of transaminases fluctuations in the demand for antiviral treatment; second, to see the development trend If in the waiting and observation of more than six months, transaminases continue to maintain a relatively high level, while the viral DNA is declining, the trend is very good, there is a reason to continue to wait and observe Third, not too much drug intervention due to transaminase abnormalities, patients are often impatient to use a variety of liver and enzyme-lowering drugs, the results masked the real situation of the liver; fourth, not suitable for all people in general, the proportion of vertically transmitted infected people clear themselves than those with acquired infection; men than women; older than younger people. If cirrhosis is confirmed to have occurred after testing, antiviral treatment should be administered immediately. Special Populations Patients with chronic hepatitis B, couples of childbearing age or pregnant women, patients with compensated or decompensated cirrhosis, patients with combined immunosuppression-related diseases, patients with combined malignancies requiring radiotherapy and chemotherapy, patients with severe liver disease before and after liver transplantation, patients with liver failure, patients with combined hepatitis C virus or HIV infection, children with hepatitis B, etc. These patients are special in choosing the timing of treatment. For example, children with hepatitis B should not rush to antiviral therapy, especially not to nucleoside analogues; patients with cirrhosis must be treated with antiviral therapy as long as the viral replication does not stop, and it is lifelong, antiviral therapy can slow down the development of cirrhosis; patients with liver cancer also need active antiviral therapy because, except for the cancerous areas that have been detected, other “normal” liver tissue may be damaged by the virus. Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma also need aggressive antiviral treatment because, in addition to the detected cancer site, other “normal” liver tissues may be in a precarious state due to long-term viral infection; patients with tumor radiotherapy must use antiviral drugs prophylactically because radiation and anticancer drugs have immunosuppressive effects, which may reduce immune function and increase or revive hepatitis B virus replication.