There are many minimally invasive treatments for kidney stones, most of which are extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy when the stones are small. When the stone volume is large, percutaneous nephrolithotomy is currently the most commonly used method. It has the advantages of wide range of indications, small trauma, and fast recovery than traditional open surgery. It has no obvious absolute contraindications except for systemic bleeding disease, serious cardiopulmonary disease, hypertension, diabetes, and systemic infectious disease should be corrected first, and those with severe chronic renal insufficiency should pay attention to bleeding tendency. It can provide a minimally invasive and effective treatment for complex kidney stones that are difficult to treat, easy to remain and easy to recur. Percutaneous renal puncture nephrolithotomy has the following features: ① The puncture path is through the dorsal lateral flange of the kidney, which is less likely to injure blood vessels. ②Puncture from 11 intercostal spaces with near-perpendicular direction to the spine makes the passage shorter and allows a wide swing to the upper and lower calyces and ureter, allowing observation of more calyces and simultaneous treatment of UPJ and upper ureteral stones. (③The routine retrograde ureteral intubation followed by saline injection artificially causes hydronephrosis and makes the renal calyces dilate to facilitate successful puncture. ④Intraoperative X-ray or B-ultrasound localization, simple cases can be localized by preoperative B-ultrasound only. ⑤Small channel, only F16 or 18, less bleeding, multiple channels can be established in one phase to treat deerstalker stones, and stones can be routinely removed in one phase, or in stages. ⑥High-pressure pulse perfusion, supplemented by catheter retrograde flushing, speeds up stone extraction and keeps the intracavity view clear. (7) Short puncture passage from skin to kidney, improved stone extraction rate, shorter operation time, one passage to take care of multiple renal calyces and ureter, and better scope. ⑧High safety, short hospital stay, suitable for almost all kidney and upper ureteral stones.