Tetanus is a specific infection in which tetanus bacteria invade the body through skin or mucosal wounds, grow and multiply in a hypoxic environment, producing toxins and causing paroxysmal myalgias. The morbidity and mortality rate is between 20-40%. Tetanus vaccine is made from tetanus toxoid. Tetanus toxoid is stable and can be exposed to ambient temperatures of 20°C for several months and can be stored at 37°C for several weeks without a significant decrease in efficacy. Tetanus toxoid-containing vaccines should be stored at +4 (2C8)°C and should not be used if the vaccine has been frozen. Tetanus toxoid vaccines are available as monovalent antigenic vaccines, combined diphtheria-tetanus vaccines, and combined pertussis, diphtheria toxoid, and tetanus (diphtheria) vaccines. Pertussis vaccines include whole-cell pertussis vaccine and acellular pertussis vaccine. In addition, a combination vaccine based on pertussis has long been available, which also includes inactivated polio vaccine and Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine. In China, children from 3 months to 6 years of age are routinely vaccinated with tetanus-based diphtheria vaccine. A total of four doses are given, one at 3, 4 and 5 months of age after birth and a booster dose at 18-24 months of age. One dose of tetanus vaccine is given at age 6 and one dose at age 12 or older, and the combined tetanus vaccine for adults and adolescents. Tetanus antitoxin should be injected when the wound is deep and stained with soil after trauma or when it is pierced by rusty iron objects. Local redness, pain, itching, or low fever, fatigue, headache, and crying may occur after tetanus vaccination, and generally will subside on its own without special treatment. Fever often occurs 6-8 hours after vaccination and usually returns to normal within 48 hours. There may be localized hard nodules, which will be absorbed in 1-2 months.