Special preoperative evaluation of hypospadias

     Hermaphroditism: Evaluation for hermaphroditism is not necessary for simple anterior and middle suburethral clefts, but is required for patients with combined cryptorchidism, and for the posterior type whether combined or not. Specific evaluation assessment methods include: ultrasound, germ line imaging, chromosomal analysis, gonadal exploration, biochemistry, etc.      Prostatic capsule: In patients with scrotal and perineal hypospadias, cystogram and urethroscopy are required to exclude the prostatic capsule.