I. Common gallbladder diseases and treatment options Acute cholecystitis: 95% are stony and 5% are non-stony. Typical symptoms are sudden onset of right upper abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, fever, and pain in the back of the right shoulder. If you are suffering from calculous cholecystitis, have more than 2 episodes per year, have had high fever, colic or mild yellowing of the skin at one time then don’t hesitate to come to the hospital for surgery. Minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery is available. Chronic cholecystitis: caused by recurrent attacks of acute cholecystitis. The symptoms are atypical, with occasional history of biliary colic. The gallbladder wall is obviously thickened, sclerosis, rough, with stones should be performed gallbladder removal, without stones, such as the gallbladder wall thickening is not much, no obvious atrophy, mild symptoms can be anti-inflammatory, bile treatment. Gallbladder polyps: mostly asymptomatic. When do you need surgery? Please remember the mnemonic “one, five, one stone, grow gradually”. “One” is a solid 1 cm, “five” is the age of 50 years, “one” is a single polyp, “stone ” is polyps combined with gallbladder stones. If you have gallbladder polyps reaching or close to the above criteria then don’t hesitate to go to the hospital for minimally invasive laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgery. Gallbladder cancer: no symptoms in early stage. Most of the cases occur above 50 years old, mostly in women. The cause of gallbladder cancer is unknown, but statistics show that the incidence of gallbladder cancer is 14 times higher with gallbladder stones than without stones. 3 cm stones are 10 times higher than 1 cm stones. It is worth noting that although the incidence of gallbladder cancer is low, gallbladder cancer has the characteristics of early metastasis, poor prognosis after surgery, insensitive radiotherapy and short survival time, which must be paid great attention to. If you have gallbladder polyps that increase significantly within a short period of time, ultrasound or CT indicates focal thickening of gallbladder wall, irregular vague pain in the right upper abdomen, and elevated CA or CA-199 of tumor series in laboratory tests, seek medical treatment to remove gallbladder immediately. Second, the significance of gallbladder preservation surgery, what conditions can be done to preserve the gallbladder The main significance is to maintain the normal body balance and physiological functions, avoiding the adverse effects of gallbladder removal on the body. Minimally invasive gallbladder preservation lithotripsy has been recognized as a safe and most effective effective method for treating benign gallbladder diseases. Most of the current biliary preservation surgeries are minimally invasive laparoscopic, biliary rigidoscopic and soft-scopic combined stone extraction, which has obvious surgical advantages and is more safe and reliable than the previous open biliary preservation surgery and cholecystoscopic ultrasonic lithotripsy. Biliary indications (for reference only): patients with acute calculous cholecystitis who do not have gangrene or perforation of the gallbladder and whose gallbladder morphology is basically normal; patients with chronic calculous cholecystitis whose gallbladder wall thickening is not very obvious, such as a gallbladder wall thickness of 0.4 cm or less, and whose gallbladder contraction is good (gallbladder contraction test) without focal thickening or occupancy on preoperative ultrasonography are eligible for biliary surgery. Non-stone cholecystitis is mainly treated conservatively, and cholecystectomy is performed only when the symptoms are severe with the possibility of suppuration, gangrene and perforation. The advantages of the new minimally invasive gallbladder surgery 1. Small incision, little trauma, slight pain and minimal scarring. 2.Laparoscopy and biliary hard and soft mirror combine to remove the stones and gallbladder polyps can be removed together. 3.No visceral damage, fast recovery after surgery. For those cases where the gallbladder is no longer functional, the gallbladder is atrophied, and the gallbladder has the tendency to become cancerous, the gallbladder should be removed without hesitation. Precautions after gallbladder surgery 1, regular diet, do not overeat, eat more vitamin-rich food, do not eat food with high cholesterol, do not eat spicy and stimulating condiments. 2, to keep the stool smooth appropriate diet of coarse fiber food to increase intestinal peristalsis to unblock the stool, defecation difficulties can be treated with laxatives. A simple way to take a small amount of sesame oil orally between meals can also promote defecation. 3, pay attention to rest, to ensure adequate sleep, to maintain a relaxed mood. Adhere to exercise. 4, adhere to the medication in general after surgery to take continuous cholagogic drugs, such as anti-inflammatory cholagogic tablets, cholagogic combination, sodium cholate, cholinesterase, etc. After 3 months, stop the medication for 1 month to observe, if there is no special discomfort, can be 2-6 months apart again. 6. Review gallbladder stones annually. Detect any stone recurrence.