Common mediastinal tumors classification and clinical manifestations Classification: Neurogenic tumors: mostly originate from sympathetic nerves, malignant ones include neuroblastoma and ganglioneuroblastoma, benign ones include ganglioneuroblastoma, a few originate from peripheral nerves, malignant ones include malignant nerve sheath tumor and neurofibrosarcoma. Most of them are located in the posterior mediastinal paraspinal rib spine area. Teratomas and dermatomatous cysts. Mostly located in the anterior mediastinum, near the base of the heart in front of the great vessels of the heart. They can be classified as epidermoid cysts, dermatomatous cysts and teratomas. Most of them are benign and 10% of teratomas are malignant. Thymomas, mostly located in the anterior superior mediastinum. Epithelial, lymphocytic and mixed types. Most are benign. The envelope is intact. It is often clinically potentially malignant and tends to infiltrate adnexal tissues and organs. 50% are combined with myasthenia gravis. 4 Mediastinal cysts, more commonly bronchial cysts, esophageal cysts, and pericardial cysts, are benign. Intrathoracic ectopic tissue tumors and tumors of lymphatic origin. The former are retrosternal goiter, parathyroid adenoma, etc. The latter are mostly malignant. The latter are mostly malignant, such as lymphosarcoma, H0dgkin’s disease, etc. Others: tumors of vascular, adipose tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue and other origins. Clinical manifestations: Generally speaking, there are not many positive signs of mediastinal tumors, and their symptoms are related to the size, location, growth direction and speed, texture and nature of tumors. Benign tumors are often asymptomatic for a long time due to slow growth and growth toward the thoracic cavity, so they are easy to be missed. Common symptoms: chest pain, chest tightness, respiratory system irritation and pressure symptoms, such as cough, dyspnea, coughing up sputum and hemoptysis, etc. Neurological compression symptoms: Horner syndrome; hoarseness, numbness in the upper arm, pain in the scapular region, radiating pain to the upper extremity, spinal cord compression leading to paraplegia. Compression of large blood vessels: increased pressure in upper extremities and jugular veins, swelling and cyanosis of upper facial extremities, superficial venous anger, and tortuous anterior thoracic veins. Compression of the esophagus: difficulty in swallowing. Specific symptoms: It helps to diagnose. The retrosternal goiter moves up and down with swallowing, coughing up hair-like fine hairs or bean curd-like sebum for teratoma, with muscle weakness for thymoma. Treatment: Once diagnosed, most cases require early surgical treatment, and most cases can now be treated through minimally invasive surgery. The surgery is safe, minimally invasive and has a quick recovery.