Kidney stones are caused by the combination of crystalline substances, such as calcium, oxalate and urate, with organic matrix and deposited in the kidney, and can migrate in the urinary tract, leading to urinary tract obstruction. The causes and processes of kidney stone formation in general are related to social environment, natural environment, racial genetics, dietary habits, metabolic abnormalities, diseases, drugs, urinary obstruction, infection, foreign bodies, kidney damage and urinary changes. As stones may impair kidney function and co-infection. Long-standing stone irritation may also cause uroepithelial tumors, so most stones require appropriate formal treatment.