Hepatitis B vaccination is the most effective way to prevent HBV infection. Hepatitis B vaccination is mainly for newborns, followed by infants and young children, unimmunized people under the age of 15, and high-risk groups (such as medical personnel, people with frequent contact with blood, workers in child care institutions, organ transplant patients, people who often receive blood transfusions or blood products, immunocompromised people, people who are susceptible to traumatic injuries, family members of HBsAg-positive people, men who are homosexuals or who have multiple sexual partners, and people who inject drugs intravenously, etc.). (e.g. people who inject drugs into the vein). Hepatitis B vaccine requires 3 doses, according to the 0, 1, 6 months program, i.e., after the first dose, the second and third doses are given at an interval of 1 month and 6 months. Hepatitis B vaccination for newborns should be given within 24 hours after birth, the earlier the better. The vaccination site is intramuscular in the lateral aspect of the anterior gluteal area for newborns, and intramuscular in the middle of the deltoid muscle of the upper arm for children and adults. The interruption rate of mother-to-child transmission with hepatitis B vaccine alone was 87.8% (II-3). Neonates of HBsAg-positive mothers should receive hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) as early as possible in the first 24 h after birth (preferably 12 h after birth), at a dose of ≥100 IU, along with 10 μg of recombinant yeast or 20 μg of Chinese hamster oocyte (CHO) hepatitis B vaccine at different sites, and the second and third doses of hepatitis B vaccine at 1 and 6 months, respectively, can significantly improve the interruption of mother-to-child transmission. Vaccination with the second and third doses of hepatitis B vaccine at 1 and 6 months of age, respectively, significantly improves the efficacy of interruption of mother-to-child transmission (II-3). Alternatively, a single injection of HBIG within 12 h of birth, followed by a second injection of HBIG 1 month later, and a single injection of 10 μg of recombinant yeast or 20 μg of CHO hepatitis B vaccine at different sites at the same time, with second and third injections of hepatitis B vaccine at intervals of 1 and 6 months, respectively, can be administered. Newborns were allowed to receive breastfeeding from HBsAg-positive mothers after receiving HBIG and hepatitis B vaccine within 12 h of birth (III). Newborns of HBsAg-negative mothers can be immunized with 5 μg or 10 μg of yeast or 10 μg of CHO hepatitis B vaccine; children who did not receive hepatitis B vaccine during the neonatal period should be given catch-up vaccination at a dose of 5 μg or 10 μg of recombinant yeast or 10 μg of CHO hepatitis B vaccine; and 20 μg of yeast or 20 μg of CHO hepatitis B vaccine is recommended for adults. For immunocompromised or non-responders, the vaccine dose (e.g., 60 μg) and number of injections should be increased; those who do not respond to the 3-vaccination program can be vaccinated with 3 more injections, and anti-HBs in serum can be detected 1-2 months after the second 3-vaccination of Hepatitis B Vaccine, and if there is still no response, a single 60 μg recombinant yeast Hepatitis B Vaccine can be vaccinated. The protective effect of hepatitis B vaccination for antibody responders generally lasts for at least 12 years, so anti-HBs monitoring or booster immunization is not necessary for the general population. However, anti-HBs monitoring can be performed in high-risk groups, and booster immunization (III) can be given if anti-HBs is <10 mIU/mL.