Rhabdomyolysis can be caused by a variety of causes and has a complex etiology that can develop on the same day. Causes of rhabdomyolysis include external factors, allergies, strenuous exercise, and muscle compression. The main manifestations of rhabdomyolysis are muscle pain, limb weakness, hematuria with oliguria, anuria, lumbar pain and renal failure, and increased lactate dehydrogenase and myoglobin in laboratory tests. Less severe cases can recover in about 3-7 days by resting, drinking more water and urinating more often to prevent renal tubular blockage; more severe cases can develop acute tubular necrosis and acute renal failure, which require hemofiltration therapy and can recover in 1-3 months. The treatment of rhabdomyolysis is mainly to promote creatine kinase and myoglobin excretion to prevent renal tubular blockage, so as not to cause acute renal failure, patients with urine should be heavily supplemented with fluids, and patients without urine need to be treated with hemodialysis.