The anti-nuclear antibody spectrum, also called anti-nucleic acid antigen antibodies, is a group of autoantibodies against DNA, RNA, proteins and molecular complexes of these substances in the nucleus of cells. Nuclear antibodies can be distinguished according to the properties of the individual molecules in their nuclei, such as anti-DNA antibodies, anti-histone antibodies, anti-nonhistone antibodies, and anti-nucleolus antibodies. Each of these categories is divided into many types depending on the characteristics of the antigen, so that anti-nuclear antibodies are, in a broad sense, a group of autoantibodies with different clinical significance. Antinuclear antibodies are mainly found in IgG, IgM, IgA and even IgD, as well as IgE anti-nuclear antibodies, which recognize various cellular assemblies. They can be characteristically found in many autoimmune diseases, especially rheumatic diseases, and can determine disease activity and prognosis, observe treatment response, and guide clinical treatment.