What are warts?
Condyloma acuminatum, also known as acromegaly, genital warts, and venereal warts. It is a skin disease caused by the infection of papilloma virus type VI and D. In recent years, the disease has been recognized as one of the sexually transmitted diseases due to the expanding outreach of STDs. The incidence of warts is one of the most common STDs in Europe and the United States, and its incidence is increasing year by year. According to incomplete statistics, the number of warts in the United States has increased five times in the last 15 years. The number of warts in our country is also one of the most important sexually transmitted diseases, some areas accounted for 20% to 31% of all patients with sexually transmitted diseases, the second or third.
What is the causative agent of warts?
The agent of the disease is the human papilloma virus (HPV). It is a DNA virus. This is very small and cannot be seen with a light microscope, but only with the help of an electron microscope. In recent years molecular biology techniques have developed rapidly, confirming that there are more than 100 antigenic types of human papillomavirus, i.e. there are more than 100 similar and different viruses in this family. Warts, common warts, flat warts, filiform warts, palmoplantar warts, etc., are caused by infection with human papillomavirus (HPV). However, different types of HPV can cause different types of warts. The most common type of HPV is the genitalia of both sexes, which is the most susceptible site for infection.
What are the ways of transmission of condyloma acuminatum?
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2, mother-to-child transmission Infant warts or laryngeal papillomatosis and children’s warts, may be the delivery process of the fetus through the birth canal infected with HPV or in close contact with the mother after birth and infection.
3, indirect object transmission A few can be transmitted through daily household items such as underwear, bath tubs, bath towels. This way of transmission is extremely rare, only and sufferers of condyloma acuminata living together, sharing bathing utensils can occur.
The incubation period of warts varies, generally 1 to 8 months, the average is 3 months. The actual fact is that you can find a lot of people who are not able to get a good deal on a lot of things. The actual fact is that you can find a lot of people who are not able to get a good deal on this.
The most common sites for men are the coronal sulcus, glans, foreskin, tether, urethral orifice and, in a few cases, the body of the penis, and, in homosexuals, the perineum and rectum. In women, it is more likely to occur in the labia majora and minora, clitoris, perianal area, cervix and vagina, and occasionally in the armpit, umbilicus and breast. It is especially likely to occur in those with chronic gonorrhea, leukorrhea and circumcision. In addition to these areas, other parts of the body can also be affected, such as the mouth, between the toes, etc.
What are the clinical signs of warts?
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What is the relationship between condyloma acuminatum and genital cancer?
Epidemiological data shows that there is a close association between condyloma acuminatum and genital cancer. It has been reported that 5% to 10% of vulvar, cervical and perianal warts can develop over a period of time into interstitial and in situ or invasive cancers. It has also been found that 15% of penile cancers and 5% of female vulvar cancers occur on the basis of the original condyloma acuminatum. Many laboratory studies have further shown that there is a causal relationship between HPV, condyloma acuminatum and genital cancer. Therefore, after suffering from warts, it is important to actively treat them and eradicate them completely. The best option is to seek treatment from a specialist, otherwise inappropriate treatment and stimulation can accelerate malignancy.
What laboratory tests are needed to diagnose warts?
The typical condyloma acuminata can be diagnosed without the need for laboratory tests. When the patient has atypical symptoms and atypical location, especially in women, the vaginal opening may have pseudo warts similar to condyloma acuminatum, laboratory tests are needed to make a definitive diagnosis. The following laboratory tests are commonly used.
1, cytological examination to take the vagina, the cervix and other parts of the warts organization into smears, for Pap staining. The actual fact is that you can find two kinds of cells in the smear, a halo around the nucleus of the cells, which occupies most of the cell pulp, and the cell pulp is compressed to the edge in a condensed form, the cells are called vacuolated cells, which originate from the superficial squamous epithelial cells; the other cells are called dyskeratotic cells, which can be distributed singly or in piles, the cytoplasm is orange-red to yellowish, the nucleus is small and dense. The two types of cells can often be mixed in the smear of the condyloma acuminata.
The top cells of the granular layer and spine layer have obvious vacuole formation. The basal cells of the spinous cells had a considerable number of nuclear divisions, which resembled carcinoma, but the cells were regular, and the boundary between the hyperplastic epithelium and the dermis was clear.
3.Histochemical examination A small amount of lesion tissue was stained with antibodies specific for anti-human papilloma virus. If there is viral antigen in the lesion, the antigen-antibody combination is used and the nucleus can be stained red in the peroxidase-anti-peroxidase (PAP) method. This method is specific and more rapid and is useful for diagnosis.
The laboratory tests for condyloma acuminata are still very immature, and histological and histopathological examinations have a certain rate of misdiagnosis, and need to be performed in a hospital with good conditions.
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1, genital area cancer unclear boundary, cancer has obvious infiltration, often forming ulcers, sometimes should be pathological histological examination.
2, flat warts for syphilis phase II rash. Dark field microscopic examination can be found syphilis spirochetes, syphilis seropositive. See the syphilis section for more information.
3, pseudo warts also known as women’s villous labia minora, in women’s labia minora appear fish-egg, regular arrangement of the proliferation of organisms.
4, genital Bowen-like papulosis This disease is less common, mainly related to human papillomavirus type 16 infection. It is a clinical resemblance to condyloma acuminata, but histologically similar to Bowen’s disease. The diagnosis must be made by a specialist.
5, pearl-like papillosis occurs in men’s glans, along the glans coronal groove there are neatly arranged pearl-like papules of uniform size. The cause of this disease is unknown, commonly in young men.
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The actual fact is that you can find a lot of people who are not able to get a good deal on this. The actual fact is that there are many methods of external treatment, including medication, cryotherapy, laser therapy, microwave therapy, electrocautery therapy, surgery, and so on. The actual fact is that you can find a lot of people who are not able to get a good deal on a lot of things. Drug treatment is convenient and easy to operate, but usually needs to be repeated several times, and some drugs have the possibility of burning the mucosa. The laser treatment, cryotherapy, and microwave treatment require the operator to be highly skilled to accurately destroy the diseased tissue.
What are the indications for microwave treatment of condyloma acuminatum?
Microwave therapy is a treatment method that has emerged since the 1990s. It is based on the principle of using the high frequency vibration of microwaves to evaporate the water inside the wart and make it necrotic and fall off. Microwave treatment is characterized by complete destruction of warts, not easy to recur, but the recovery of the wound is slow, easy to secondary infection. This is a great way to get the most out of your life.
What are the indications for electrocautery treatment of warts?
In the past, dermatologists commonly used high-frequency electric knives or soldering irons to cauterize common warts, pigmented moles and other skin abnormalities. It is characterized by its simplicity of operation and quick results. The high-frequency electric knife can directly remove and dry the warts, and the treatment is also more thorough, however, the electric cautery sore surface heals more slowly. In summary, electric cautery treatment, can be used for any condyloma acuminata treatment, but requires a high level of skill for the practitioner, too much or not enough cautery is harmful. It is also important to pay attention to asepsis to prevent infection.
Which warts should be treated with internal therapy?
The actual fact is that you can find a lot of people who are not able to get a good deal on a lot of things. The main two aspects are to improve the immunity of the body and antiviral. The common clinical drugs include interferon, polymyxin, thymidine, etc.
How does Chinese medicine recognize condyloma acuminata?
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Why is it that condyloma acuminata recurs?
A, the characteristics of HPV infection
After treatment, the residual lesions still contain HPV; some patients are HPV reservoirs in the urethra (60%) or scrotum (22%), which is a source of HPV dispersal in the vulva.
Second, the immune function is low
The actual fact is that the immune system is low in individuals such as kidney transplants, malignant tumors, diabetes, AIDS, immunosuppressive chemotherapy and glucocorticoid application patients, the incidence of warts and recurrence rates are significantly increased, and the volume of warts is also larger.
The actual age is an independent risk factor for warts, 80% of warts occur in young people aged 16-34 years, the peak age of onset is 20-25 years. The average age of onset for men is 22 years old and 19 years old for women; the male to female ratio is about 1:1.4. Another study found that women younger than 25 years old are risk factors for anal genital warts.
Fourth, sexual behavior
The study and statistics show that there are more than one sex partner to occur in the chances of warts and recurrence rate are significantly higher than a single sex partner; in a certain range, the age of sexual life is also a risk factor for warts, the first time the age of sexual intercourse is less than 19 years old, the incidence and recurrence rate are significantly increased; male commercial sex workers are a high-risk group of warts.
Five, alcohol consumption
The actual fact is that you can find a variety of risk factors for the onset and recurrence of STDs, including condyloma acuminata. This is because alcohol affects the activity of the body’s T-lymphocytes, which inhibits the body’s immunity. At the same time alcohol can inhibit the central nervous system, reduce anxiety, enhance sexual desire, increase high-risk sexual behavior, to a certain extent increase the occurrence and recurrence of condyloma acuminata.
Sixth, smoking
Because smoking can reduce the body’s resistance, so smoking is also an independent risk factor for condyloma acuminata. The study shows that the incidence of condyloma acuminata is more than 3 times higher than non-smokers, and the incidence increases with the age of smoking and the number of cigarettes smoked daily, while smoking can promote condyloma acuminata recurrence.
Seven, contraceptive measures
The results of several studies show that condoms can block HPV infection, so adhere to the use of condoms can prevent the occurrence of condyloma acuminata. The other study showed that the incidence of condyloma in women taking birth control pills is higher than those not taking pills. Sexual partners are still in latent carry HPV state, again reply to the infection (ping pong infection)
Eight, marital pregnancy status
Data show that divorced, separated couples, widowed, unmarried people have a higher incidence of condyloma acuminata than normal controls, because these cases are prone to high-risk sexual behavior. The women during pregnancy have a higher incidence of warts and a relatively high recurrence rate, which is related to changes in endocrine function during pregnancy.
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The reason for this is that most people with condyloma acuminata have risky sexual behavior that can lead to other STDs. The second is that the pathogens of some STDs destroy the mucosal barrier and make the body less able to resist HPV.
Ten, the local environment
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The prevention of condyloma acuminata
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4.Sexual partners should be consulted and treated at the same time.
5.Avoid sexual intercourse during treatment.
6.During the treatment period, you should go to the regular hospital for examination and consultation in case of drug reaction.
7, regular review is very meaningful to judge the treatment and prognosis.
8, pay attention to disinfection isolation: underwear should be diligent ironing, do not mix with the family wash, separate use of the bath, and children sleep in separate beds.
9, condyloma acuminata has a certain recurrence rate, but after regular treatment can be cured.
10, keep good mood, nutrition and proper exercise can reduce the recurrence rate.
11, check whether the combination of other STDs: syphilis, AIDS, etc.
12, the correct use of condoms can effectively prevent condyloma acuminata.