Pediatric hernia, also known as “small intestine gas”, is scientifically known as “inguinal hernia”, which is divided into straight hernia and hiatal hernia, and since the incidence of pediatric straight hernia is very low, most pediatric inguinal hernia refers to hiatal hernia, so it can be abbreviated as “left hiatal hernia Since the incidence of pediatric straight hernia is low, most of pediatric inguinal hernias refer to hiatal hernia, so they can be abbreviated as “left hiatal hernia”, “right hiatal hernia” or “double hiatal hernia”. The cause of pediatric hernia is different from that of adult hernia. Adult hernias are usually caused by coughing, constipation, heavy labor, difficulty in urination and other factors that increase the pressure in the abdominal cavity and break through the peritoneum of the hernia ring, and are commonly seen in elderly people with weak abdominal walls. Pediatric hernias are caused by unclosed peritoneal sheaths and are common in boys, male:female = 10-15:1. The testes develop in the abdominal cavity during fetal life and gradually descend from the abdominal cavity to the scrotum through the inguinal canal before birth. “If it is not closed, the abdominal organs (small intestine, omentum, girl’s ovaries, etc.) may protrude from here to the body surface or into the scrotum to form a hernia. Therefore, pediatric hernia is caused by congenital factors. Since the right testicle descends slightly later than the left and the “sphincter” closes later, there are more hernia on the right side than on the left side, and the ratio of right to left is about 3:2, and 10-20% are bilateral. Since the etiology of pediatric hernia is different from that of adult hernia, the treatment method is also different. In pediatric hernia, the posterior wall of the hernia sac is more closely adhered to the spermatic cord, the spermatic vessels and vas deferens are often separated, and the vas deferens is slender, which can easily cause injury. In adult hernia, the spermatic cord is loosely attached to the hernia sac and the vas deferens is thicker, so it is easier to peel off and less likely to cause damage to the vas deferens. Therefore, the treatment of pediatric hernia requires more delicate treatment, so as not to damage the spermatic cord vessels and vas deferens, which may affect the growth and development of the testes. The specific treatment of pediatric hernia can be summarized as follows: 1. Hernia found right after birth can be operated without urgency because infantile hernia has the possibility of self-healing, and if it is not frequent, surgery can be observed after 6 months. If a hernia appears, parents can massage it back, and if the hernia does not heal successfully, it is necessary to go to the hospital immediately. 2. An incarcerated hernia is a hernia whose contents cannot be retracted after herniation. Since the contents of the hernia are often intestinal tubes and sometimes ovaries in girls, there is a risk of necrosis within a short period of time, so parents should bring the child to the hospital in time and the doctor will choose to reset the hernia manually or to treat it with emergency surgery according to the situation. In case of a successful manipulation of an incarcerated hernia, it is best to rest for more than 2-3 days and wait for the local edema to subside before elective surgery. It is not recommended to routinely apply hernia belt treatment for pediatric hernia no matter how old it is, because the efficacy of hernia belt is not exact, improper use can be dangerous, and long-term use may also damage the spermatic vessels and vas deferens. 4.Sclerotherapy can cause damage to the spermatic vessels and vas deferens, with high recurrence rate, many complications and high risk, and is rarely used now. 5, laparoscopic surveillance, intracapsular injection of adhesion agent treatment, foreign scholars have done animal experiments, because the efficacy is not exact, rarely used in clinical practice. If there is a good adhesion drug, it is also a good choice. 6. Oral medication (including traditional Chinese medicine) is basically ineffective for pediatric hernia, but if a child has chronic cough, asthma, urinary frequency, constipation causing increased abdominal pressure which can cause frequent episodes of hernia, medication is necessary. 7. Once the diagnosis of pediatric hernia is clear, an appropriate time should be chosen for surgical treatment, which is already quite safe, with definite efficacy and low recurrence rate. However, surgery should be postponed if the child is weak and sickly with respiratory tract infection, malnutrition, cyanosis, long-term constipation, frequent urination, or difficulty in urination. 8, surgical treatment are traditional open surgery and minimally invasive surgery under laparoscopic surveillance. The traditional surgical method is to take a transverse incision at the external inguinal ring and perform high ligation of the hernia sac without incising the tendon membrane of the external oblique muscles of the abdomen.