Nontuberculous mycobacteria are a large group of mycobacteria, including Mycobacterium abscessus and Mycobacterium avium. The principles of treatment for nontuberculous mycobacteriosis are combination, adequate dose, and whole course, and the medication differs for different types of mycobacteria: 1. Drug therapy: Patients with pulmonary infections require periodic medication that can help control symptoms and the course of the disease. The regimen of medication includes one macrolide combined with one or more transvenous drugs such as amikacin, cefoxitin, or imipenem or multiple non-gastrointestinal drugs for several months, such as erythromycin or azithromycin or clarithromycin, in combination with ciprofloxacin therapy. If the patient has cavitation, fibrous nodular disease or severe systemic infection, intensive treatment is required, and clarithromycin or amikacin, rifabutin or rifampin, or ethambutol may be considered. 2. Surgical treatment: Surgical resection can be used as an adjuvant treatment for nontuberculous mycobacteriosis infection, and is indicated for patients with ineffective medical therapy, and recurrent and intractable hemoptysis. In the case of non-tuberculous mycobacteriosis lymphadenitis, the entire lymph node mass should be excised as far as possible, and if a fistula and skin lesion have been formed, the skin lesion area should be excised together. In non-tuberculous mycobacteriosis, in case of skin soft tissue infection, drug therapy is performed, while extensive surgical excision of the skin lesion tissue is performed. In non-tuberculous mycobacteriosis, the application of drug therapy is not effective, a large number of bacterium excretion for more than 1 year, the lung cavity and other limited lesions, can also be surgically removed.