1.Stroke can be prevented Cerebral infarction is a common disease, multi-morbidity. It is characterized by high incidence, high mortality and high disability rate. The third national cause of death survey shows that cerebrovascular disease has replaced malignant tumors as the first factor leading to death of our residents. So can cerebral infarction be prevented? The answer is yes. Today, I will talk to you about stroke prevention. 2, stroke prevention is divided into primary and secondary prevention Like other diseases, stroke prevention is divided into primary prevention and secondary prevention, primary prevention measures are to find and remove risk factors, secondary prevention of stroke refers to the prevention and control measures taken to prevent recurrence of stroke after an acute stroke event (including TIA, cerebral infarction, etc.). A large number of clinical studies at home and abroad have proved that secondary prevention is the only effective way to reduce stroke morbidity, mortality and recurrent stroke. 3.How to carry out secondary prevention? (1) Control the risk factors caused by diseases: hypertension, diabetes, heart valve disease, heart rhythm disorders, blood hypercoagulability, hyperfibrinogenemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperplatelet aggregation, hyperhomocysteinemia, etc. are now considered as independent risk factors for stroke, and active treatment of related diseases is in itself a preventive treatment for stroke. (2) Improving poor living habits is also an important measure for secondary prevention of stroke. For example, avoid high-fat, high-sugar and high-salt diets, and stop smoking and drinking. (3) Use antiplatelet drugs (e.g. aspirin) for vascular lesions and anticoagulant drugs (e.g. Warfarin) for cardiac lesions. (4) Regular neurological examinations and necessary auxiliary examinations and laboratory tests. (5) Strengthen exercise according to your condition and provide health education to patients and their families. 4.What are the common misconceptions about secondary prevention of stroke? Fear of adverse effects of aspirin and lack of confidence in the benefits of long-term aspirin therapy are the main reasons why patients do not adhere to long-term aspirin therapy, but inadequate drug therapy will lead to increased mortality in these patients at high cardiovascular risk. For example, there is no scientific basis for the perception that elderly patients give up aspirin therapy because they are more concerned about the adverse effects of aspirin, or even that many patients and their families believe that infusions every six months will prevent recurrence of cerebral infarction. In fact, this practice brings unnecessary suffering to patients and at the same time causes a lot of pharmaceutical waste. Therefore, it is very important to strengthen the education of patients on secondary prevention of stroke. 5.What are the commonly used antiplatelet drugs in clinical practice? (1) Cyclooxygenase inhibitors: aspirin (2) Phosphodiesterase inhibitors: pansentin, pegylated (3) Inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation: ticlopidine (Valtrex), clopidogrel (Bolivar) (4) Intravenous antiplatelet agents: olanzagrel 6. What is the secondary prevention for stroke patients with cardiogenic embolism? All types of heart disease are closely related to stroke. The risk of stroke is more than 2 times higher in people with heart disease than in people without heart disease, especially in patients with atrial fibrillation. (1) Adults (>40) should have regular medical checkups for early detection of heart disease; (2) Patients with diagnosed heart disease should be actively treated by specialists; (3) Patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation can be treated with anticoagulation therapy with warfarin if available, but coagulation indexes need to be tested. (4) Patients with coronary heart should also take small doses of aspirin or other anti-platelet drugs. In case of sudden onset of limb weakness, slanting of the mouth and eyes, unfavorable speech or dizziness, wobbly walking, nausea and vomiting, headache, etc., it is necessary to seek emergency treatment in the shortest possible time at a hospital with CT and MRI equipment and a neurosurgeon for fast and effective standardized treatment. Even if these symptoms improve or disappear within a short period of time, they should be treated in a hospital because they are likely to be transient cerebral ischemia (a manifestation of stroke) and if ignored, the best time for treatment may be delayed, resulting in permanent cerebral infarction.