Causes
Due to the improvement of people’s living standard, the change of people’s diet structure and living habits has caused the accelerated acidification of the human body. The acidic body causes the slowing down of the human metabolic cycle, the weakening of the normal cell activity, the lack of oxygen to the cells, causing the pathology of the organs, resulting in the endocrine imbalance, forming chronic diseases such as pancreatitis or pancreatic duct hyperplasia. Acidification of body fluids causes a decrease in the amount of dissolved oxygen in the cells, and when it drops to 65% of the normal value, it leads to the death of cells, and there are cells that do not hesitate to change their chromosomes to survive, which become cancer cells. Occupations associated with pancreatic cancer are jobs that come in contact with chemicals and metals, and chemotherapy contamination can cause mutation of cells, and mutated cells can grow like crazy in acidic body fluids, which is another major reason for getting pancreatic cancer.
Treatment of pancreatic cancer
(I) Surgical treatment
Pancreatic cancer lacks obvious symptoms in the early stage, and most cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage with little chance of surgical resection. Surgical treatment requires different surgical methods according to different stages of disease and the extent of local invasion of tumor lesions.
1.Pancreaticoduodenectomy
If the tumor is located in the head of the pancreas, without metastasis to the hepatic hilum, around the celiac artery trunk, mesenteric root and distant lymph nodes, without invasion to the hepatic artery, superior mesenteric artery or inferior vena cava, without invasion or only local invasion to the portal vein, without metastasis to the organs, pancreatic and duodenectomy can be performed.
2.Pancreaticoduodenectomy with preservation of the pylorus
The main conditions for the implementation of pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic head cancer are.
① The lesion has not yet invaded the pylorus and the duodenal bulb.
② No pyloric lymph node metastasis. In addition, pancreatic head tumors with low malignancy (cystic adenocarcinoma, islet cell carcinoma, alveolar cell carcinoma, etc.) can also be performed as pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy.
3.Pancreatic cancer surgery with combined vascular resection
In the past, tumor invasion of portal vein and superior mesenteric vein system was considered a contraindication to surgical resection, therefore, the surgical resection rate was relatively low. In the past 20 years, with the strengthening of preoperative and postoperative treatment and the improvement of surgical operation techniques, tumor invasion of the portal vein system is no longer a contraindication to surgical resection, and this method has obviously improved the surgical resection rate of pancreatic cancer or peri-pot belly cancer.
4.Caudal pancreatic body resection
Caudal pancreatic resection is a common method for the treatment of caudal pancreatic tumors, and is suitable for caudal pancreatic cancer without distant metastases.
5.Total pancreatectomy
Total pancreatectomy is feasible for patients with cancer of the head of the pancreas who are under 65 years of age and whose surgical exploration shows that the lesion belongs to stage I or II (without lymph node metastasis).
6.Surgical treatment for unresectable pancreatic cancer
(1) Biliary drainage
(1) Biliary obstructive external drainage
For those who are old, frail, hypoproteinemia, biliary tract infection, or those with poor liver and kidney function and can hardly tolerate internal biliary drainage, external drainage of bile duct or cholecystostomy can be performed. The operation is simple and has few complications.
② gallbladder or bile duct duodenal anastomosis
This procedure has the advantages of simple operation, small trauma and few surgical complications. However, it is prone to episodic infection after surgery and is rarely used clinically at present.
③Gallbladder or bile duct jejunostomy
As long as the patient is in good health and is estimated to be able to tolerate it, gallbladder or bile duct jejunostomy should be the first procedure.
(2) Gastrojejunostomy
It is suitable for cases with duodenal obstruction. Gastrojejunostomy should be performed in the following clinical situations.
①Signs or symptoms of duodenal obstruction are present.
(ii) Gastrointestinal X-ray or endoscopy shows stenosis, stiffness, or tumor infiltration in the duodenum.
(③) Intraoperative stenosis and compression of the duodenum are seen.
(3) Biliary-intestinal and gastrointestinal anastomosis
It is suitable for pancreatic cancer combined with obstructive jaundice and duodenal obstruction at the same time.
(1) Biliary-intestinal and gastrointestinal collaterals anastomosis
The advantage is that it is simple to operate and can be performed in one stage of biliary-intestinal and gastrointestinal loop anastomosis, and it is also suitable for those who perform biliary-intestinal anastomosis for the first time and then operate again after the operation for duodenal obstruction.
Biliary-intestinal and gastrointestinal Roux-Y anastomosis
It is suitable for pancreatic cancer combined with obstructive jaundice and duodenal obstruction at any site. The operation is slightly more complicated than the collaterals anastomosis.
(II) Chemotherapy
After surgery, adjuvant chemotherapy, mainly 5-FU, combined with other drugs, can prolong the survival. The purpose of treatment must be explained to patients before chemotherapy, and patients receiving chemotherapy must be closely followed up, including physical examination, abdominal and chest imaging and blood CA19-9 examination.
Indications: Adjuvant chemotherapy after radical surgical resection; pancreatic cancer with metastasis; locally progressive unresectable pancreatic cancer, recurrent metastasis after surgery or other treatments.
(C) Chinese medicine
In Chinese medicine, this disease mostly belongs to the category of “accumulation” and “jaundice”. Most of the cases of pancreatic cancer are already advanced when diagnosed, so there is little chance of surgical resection, and the side effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy are very great and the effect is not good. At present, the combination of Chinese and Western medicine is mostly used to reduce the side effects of radiotherapy and improve the therapeutic effect.
How to prevent pancreatic cancer
1. Develop good living habits, quit smoking and limit alcohol. Smoking, the World Health Organization predicts that if people stop smoking, after 5 years, cancer in the world will be reduced by 1/3; secondly, do not abuse alcohol. Cigarettes and alcohol are extremely acidic acids, and people who smoke and drink for a long time are very likely to lead to an acidic physique.
2. not to eat too much salty and spicy food, not to eat food that is too hot, too cold, expired and spoiled; to eat cancer prevention food and alkaline food with high alkaline content as appropriate for those who are old and weak or have genes for certain diseases, and to maintain a good mental state.
3. Have a good state of mind to cope with stress, combine work and rest, and do not overwork. It can be seen that stress is an important cause of cancer. According to Chinese medicine, stress leads to overwork and physical deficiency, thus causing a decline in immune function, endocrine disorders and metabolic disorders in the body, resulting in the deposition of acid in the body; stress can also lead to mental tension causing qi stagnation and blood stagnation and internal trapping of poisonous fire, etc.
4, strengthen physical exercise, enhance physical fitness, more exercise in the sun, more sweating can be acidic substances in the body with sweat out of the body, to avoid the formation of acidic physique.
5.Lifestyle should be regular. People with irregular lifestyle, such as singing karaoke all night, playing mahjong, staying out all night and other irregular lifestyle, will aggravate the acidification of the body and make it easy to develop cancer. One should develop good living habits so as to maintain a weak alkaline constitution and keep various cancer diseases away from oneself.
6. Don’t eat contaminated food, such as contaminated water, crops, poultry and fish eggs, moldy food, etc., but eat some green and organic food, to prevent diseases from entering by mouth.