Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL for short), as it is known, is one of the non-surgical treatments for urinary stone disease. It has a history of more than 30 years since the 1980s. Its high efficacy, short course of treatment, fast results, non-invasive and painless, etc., are highly appreciated by medical patients. It has brought the gospel to the majority of stone disease patients. However, any advanced treatment method has its own scope of adaptation, and it is impossible to replace other methods, and it is impossible to cover all the treatment of stone disease. Therefore, the only way to treat stone disease is to combine and integrate the six systemic projects of “discharge, dissolution, fragmentation, extraction, security and prevention”. To make up for each other and complement each other’s strengths and weaknesses, we can complement each other. I. Indications Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, in the early days, the selection of indications is relatively strict. With the joint efforts of medical workers and engineering designers, the development of science and technology, the upgrading of equipment, and the continuous improvement of lithotripsy technology. The indications for lithotripsy have been expanded and the contraindications have been relatively narrowed. Almost all urinary tract stones can be treated by lithotripsy. For example: multiple kidney stones (now advocate three or less, single volume of 1.5cm or less), antler-shaped kidney stones, recurrent kidney stones, postoperative kidney stones, isolated kidney stones, ureteral and bladder stones, etc. Contraindications Contraindications are relative to indications. It refers to stone disease that cannot be treated by lithotripsy due to certain reasons or diseases. There are relative and absolute contraindications. Relative contraindications are certain diseases that can still be treated by lithotripsy. Absolute contraindications are described here. For example, tumors, multiple cysts in multiple organs, bleeding disorders, severe dysfunction of internal organs (heart, liver, brain, lungs, kidneys), heart with pacemaker, severe hypertension, congenital ureteral stenosis or malformation, adhesion or encapsulation of the ureteral wall with stones, and pregnancy.