Urinary stones are one of the common diseases in urology, accounting for the first place in urological hospitalization. Medically, they can be divided into upper urinary tract (kidney, ureter) stones and lower urinary tract (bladder, urethra) stones. However, the above urinary tract stones are more common. Different parts of the stones have different signs and symptoms, but all of them are very dangerous to a person’s health. The main symptoms of kidney and ureteral stones are: ① Pain Kidney stones often present with dull pain in the upper abdomen or lower back after activity. If a kidney stone moves and causes acute obstruction, it can cause renal colic, and this pain is often unbearable. Ureteral stones also show typical renal colic when movement occurs with ureteral peristalsis and urinary flow. This seriously affects the patient’s quality of life and is the reason for some patients to visit the clinic. ②Hematuria Stone movement or after the patient’s strenuous exercise, resulting in stone damage mucosal damage will produce hematuria, which is usually invisible to the naked eye or the naked eye in patients, but suggests hematuria when doing urinalysis in the hospital, which is professionally known as microscopic hematuria, and sometimes microscopic hematuria after activity can be the only manifestation of upper urinary tract stones. ③ Nausea and vomiting When the stone causes complete obstruction of the urinary tract, it stimulates the gastrointestinal nerves and can lead to nausea and vomiting. There are also some symptoms of related complications, which will not be described in detail here. In the case of lower urinary tract stones, which are mostly secondary to obstructive factors in the urinary tract, there are difficulties in urination, hematuria and painful urination, and urinary tract irritation symptoms, which will affect the quality of life of the patient. In addition to the pain caused by the above mentioned symptoms, a series of complications caused by stones that do not receive enough attention will also pose a significant risk to the patient’s health, and in severe cases, even life threatening. Stones with infection can cause frequent, urgent, and painful urination, while obstruction can aggravate the infection, causing high fever, chills, and even sepsis, which can be life-threatening in severe cases. Stones can mostly cause chronic obstruction in the urinary tract, resulting in hydronephrosis, renal atrophy, and chronic renal function damage, which will cause irreversible renal function damage if not treated in time. And isolated kidney or bilateral lesions can cause acute renal failure when severe. It can also develop into a life-threatening uremic syndrome. From the above, it can be seen that urinary stones are very dangerous to our health. If you are suffering from urinary stones, you should seek timely treatment. In recent years, with the emergence of modern minimally invasive techniques such as extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, percutaneous nephrolithotripsy and holmium laser lithotripsy under ureteroscopy, the treatment of stones has entered the minimally invasive era. Only a few stones with small size, smooth surface and no obstruction can be treated with drugs, and most stones can be crushed and discharged through minimally invasive methods. Minimally invasive surgery is not only less traumatic to the patient and quicker to recover after surgery, but also the treatment effect is very ideal, bringing health to more and more patients with urinary stones. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy can precisely locate the stone site under X-ray, and after the shock wave is focused, the energy reaches the stone through the skin and tissues and shatters the stone and discharges it out of the body with urine. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy is performed by using ultrasound or X-ray C-arm machine to locate the stone, and a puncture needle is inserted through the skin into the renal calyces and pelvis, and a dilator expands the channel. A nephroscope or ureteroscope is then placed in the channel and the stone is broken up under the scope using laser, pneumatic ballistic and ultrasound equipment. Ureteroscopic Holmium laser lithotripsy uses a retrograde route by inserting a guidewire into the ureter and rotating the ureteroscope under direct vision to enter the ureter with the guidewire and locate the stone. The Holmium laser is conducted using fiber optics to crush the stone under direct vision and expel it from the body. Compared to traditional open surgery, modern minimally invasive techniques have their own outstanding advantages and bring benefits to the majority of stone patients.